Abstract
Water treatment methods were recorded as early as 4000 B.C. It was not till the early 20th century that chlorination was implemented to distributing water systems in the U.S. Today, chlorination remains the most widespread method of purifying drinking water. Chlorine has eliminated waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid and dysentery. It also eliminates slime bacteria, molds and algae that grows in water supply reservoirs. Although, high concentrations of chlorine are toxic and lethal to humans, at controlled levels it has showed to be the most effective disinfectant due to its prolonged effect. Furthermore, chlorine is relatively low in cost and appropriate for any size water systems. Thus, making it one of the most significant …show more content…
Chlorinating drinking water has its benefits by its shortcomings and it explains why the U.S. has continued to use this method while maintaining one of the best public water systems in the world. Chlorination is chosen not only because it kills disease causing microorganisms, but because of the other benefits it holds. Chlorination removes substances that can taint water taste like manganese, hydrogen sulfide, and iron. Chlorination can also be made to fit any system size and does not require high maintenance. It is easy to transport because it can be transferred as sodium or calcium hypochlorite. Chlorine also continues to protect treated water from being infected again which is another positive aspect. This is due to chlorines residual that remains in the water effluent even after the initial treatment which can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness as well. Since there is chlorine residual, the chlorine can be added to the treatment plant and still be in the water when it is being distributed to other houses through pipes. On the other hand, the Ozone treatment process does not hold this same benefit and this is why it is not preferred. Ozone can only be mixed on-site and is not easily transportable like chlorine …show more content…
When carrying out the chlorine solution, manufactures recommend using soft, distilled, or demineralized water to avoid hardness deposits on the equipment. The chlorine pump is more commonly used and has a positive displacement or chemical-feed device. When it adds a small amount of chlorine in the water is either adjusted it or varies with the water flow rate. The procedure of chlorination in water is a holding tank and complete mixing of chlorine and water. In a private system, the minimum-size holding tank is determined by the capacity of the pump multiplied by 10. Pressure tanks are not essential because they typically have a combined inlet/outlet and the water would not be able to pass through the tank. The contact time however, is dependent upon the type of the pathogens present, pH and temperature of the water. Contact time should increase under low water temperature of high pH. An alternative to a holding tank is a coiled pipe the same size to help the scaling and the sediment build-up inside the pipe more convenient compared to the holding
Water treatment methods were recorded as early as 4000 B.C. It was not till the early 20th century that chlorination was implemented to distributing water systems in the U.S. Today, chlorination remains the most widespread method of purifying drinking water. Chlorine has eliminated waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid and dysentery. It also eliminates slime bacteria, molds and algae that grows in water supply reservoirs. Although, high concentrations of chlorine are toxic and lethal to humans, at controlled levels it has showed to be the most effective disinfectant due to its prolonged effect. Furthermore, chlorine is relatively low in cost and appropriate for any size water systems. Thus, making it one of the most significant …show more content…
Chlorinating drinking water has its benefits by its shortcomings and it explains why the U.S. has continued to use this method while maintaining one of the best public water systems in the world. Chlorination is chosen not only because it kills disease causing microorganisms, but because of the other benefits it holds. Chlorination removes substances that can taint water taste like manganese, hydrogen sulfide, and iron. Chlorination can also be made to fit any system size and does not require high maintenance. It is easy to transport because it can be transferred as sodium or calcium hypochlorite. Chlorine also continues to protect treated water from being infected again which is another positive aspect. This is due to chlorines residual that remains in the water effluent even after the initial treatment which can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness as well. Since there is chlorine residual, the chlorine can be added to the treatment plant and still be in the water when it is being distributed to other houses through pipes. On the other hand, the Ozone treatment process does not hold this same benefit and this is why it is not preferred. Ozone can only be mixed on-site and is not easily transportable like chlorine …show more content…
When carrying out the chlorine solution, manufactures recommend using soft, distilled, or demineralized water to avoid hardness deposits on the equipment. The chlorine pump is more commonly used and has a positive displacement or chemical-feed device. When it adds a small amount of chlorine in the water is either adjusted it or varies with the water flow rate. The procedure of chlorination in water is a holding tank and complete mixing of chlorine and water. In a private system, the minimum-size holding tank is determined by the capacity of the pump multiplied by 10. Pressure tanks are not essential because they typically have a combined inlet/outlet and the water would not be able to pass through the tank. The contact time however, is dependent upon the type of the pathogens present, pH and temperature of the water. Contact time should increase under low water temperature of high pH. An alternative to a holding tank is a coiled pipe the same size to help the scaling and the sediment build-up inside the pipe more convenient compared to the holding