Question One
“Racial Democracy” was a term coined by Gilberto Freire, a white scholar, in his book The Master and Slaves (lecture). The idea enforces the idea that, in terms of race, everyone is equal and faces no setbacks due to race because of the mixing of races that has occurred in the country. Freire credits this to the fact that he believed that racial relations between masters and their slaves was more fluid than in the United States. Because of this racial mixing, Freire claims that a society was created which free of the racial tensions that other countries had due to slavery. (Black in Latin America) Brazil, up until recently, refused to talk about race, as the country became the first to declare that racism was nonexistent in the …show more content…
Because there was a lack of discussion regarding race, the tension between races is seen throughout the articles. Afro-Brazilians tend to dominate the poorer areas in, and because of this many of the social programs benefit the Afro-Brazilians (Cicalo) (Black in Latin America). In Black in America, the viewer can see the racial divide within Brazil. The media representation in the magazine shown in the documentary is dismal, and they highlight many areas which are predominantly Afro-Brazilian which are impoverished (Black in America). Additionally, in the Cicalo article, there is a divide mentioned in the classroom, where the quota students were seated away from the non- quota students. The quota students typically quieter, and before the implementation of affirmative action, there were even fewer opportunities for Afro-Brazilians (Cicalo). Additionally, the Bolsa Família program tends to benefit Afro-Brazilians as opposed to lighter skinned Brazilians (DeMicheli). Overall, the racial democracy has created a situation in which those darker-skinned Brazilians are disadvantaged, and while there have been some social programs put in place, these people have few outlets to change the belief system put in place by Freyre’s …show more content…
Olvera characterizes the transition as containing post-electoral conflict, which was often violent. Additionally, Olvera points to electoral reforms as propelling Mexico towards democracy, specifically the 1996 Federal Electoral Law, as the law gave the Instituto Federal Electoral legal and political power (Olvera). The Mexican transition to democracy was limited, as the transition did not change the infrastructure of the authoritarian regime that preceded it. Additionally, the constitutions, public policies, and programs were unable to have significant change because the processes were blocked by tethers from the old regime (Olvera). In the interview, Cárdenas talks about his presidential run and the deteriorating social conditions within Mexico. The lack of government help helped act as a catalyst partially led by Cárdenas that pushed for changes in the electoral process (Cárdenas). The official turn to electoral democracy occurred in 2000 when the PRI was defeated in the election by Vicente Fox of the PAN party
“Racial Democracy” was a term coined by Gilberto Freire, a white scholar, in his book The Master and Slaves (lecture). The idea enforces the idea that, in terms of race, everyone is equal and faces no setbacks due to race because of the mixing of races that has occurred in the country. Freire credits this to the fact that he believed that racial relations between masters and their slaves was more fluid than in the United States. Because of this racial mixing, Freire claims that a society was created which free of the racial tensions that other countries had due to slavery. (Black in Latin America) Brazil, up until recently, refused to talk about race, as the country became the first to declare that racism was nonexistent in the …show more content…
Because there was a lack of discussion regarding race, the tension between races is seen throughout the articles. Afro-Brazilians tend to dominate the poorer areas in, and because of this many of the social programs benefit the Afro-Brazilians (Cicalo) (Black in Latin America). In Black in America, the viewer can see the racial divide within Brazil. The media representation in the magazine shown in the documentary is dismal, and they highlight many areas which are predominantly Afro-Brazilian which are impoverished (Black in America). Additionally, in the Cicalo article, there is a divide mentioned in the classroom, where the quota students were seated away from the non- quota students. The quota students typically quieter, and before the implementation of affirmative action, there were even fewer opportunities for Afro-Brazilians (Cicalo). Additionally, the Bolsa Família program tends to benefit Afro-Brazilians as opposed to lighter skinned Brazilians (DeMicheli). Overall, the racial democracy has created a situation in which those darker-skinned Brazilians are disadvantaged, and while there have been some social programs put in place, these people have few outlets to change the belief system put in place by Freyre’s …show more content…
Olvera characterizes the transition as containing post-electoral conflict, which was often violent. Additionally, Olvera points to electoral reforms as propelling Mexico towards democracy, specifically the 1996 Federal Electoral Law, as the law gave the Instituto Federal Electoral legal and political power (Olvera). The Mexican transition to democracy was limited, as the transition did not change the infrastructure of the authoritarian regime that preceded it. Additionally, the constitutions, public policies, and programs were unable to have significant change because the processes were blocked by tethers from the old regime (Olvera). In the interview, Cárdenas talks about his presidential run and the deteriorating social conditions within Mexico. The lack of government help helped act as a catalyst partially led by Cárdenas that pushed for changes in the electoral process (Cárdenas). The official turn to electoral democracy occurred in 2000 when the PRI was defeated in the election by Vicente Fox of the PAN party