The proximate composition of purple soymilk (Table 1) is not much different from that of yellow soymilk. Purple soymilk has protein, ash, fat, carbohydrate and moisture content 2.76 ± 0.13, 0.12 ± 0.08, 1.17 ± 0.06, 1.27 ± 0.10, and 94.69 ± 0.04% respectively, while yellow soymilk from Tunde-Akintunde and Souley [35] has a protein content of 2.23-3.05%, ash content of 0.24-0.32%, fat content of 1.60-1.94%, carbohydrate content of 1.99-2.78% and moisture content of 92.02-93.29%. Black soybean proteins have the good amino acid score and high digestibility which are important for human nutrient consumption [36]. Carbohydrate from purple soymilk contains complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber which contribute to low glycemic index properties [16].
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The same purple soymilk with that used in this research had higher (169.92±1.86 mg QE/100 g dry weight) total flavonoid (unpublished) than yellow soymilk (136 mg/100 g) [37]. Isoflavone composition and concentrations change according to the processing methods [38]. During the process of soaking in the manufacture of purple soymilk, β-glucosidase hydrolyses isoflavone glucosides (daidzin and genistin) to aglycones (daidzein and genistein) [39] thus resulted in free daidzein and genistein in purple soymilk to be 720.96 ± 7.20 and 27.05 µg/g weight base (unpublished), respectively. Anthocyanins are found only in black soybean seed coat while in the yellow soybean not detected [40]. Purple soymilk presented a concentration of 3.566 mg C-3-G equivalents [16]. These components are bioactive compounds in purple soymilk that have been reported to have pharmaceutical effects and contribute to the antioxidant properties of purple soymilk …show more content…
It has been demonstrated that β-carotene supplementation resulted in higher numbers on percentage and total cell amount of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells when compared with the base diet [22]. Similar effects were seen for β-carotene supplementation on the proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with T-cell mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). The proliferation of PBL with PHA or ConA was 1.4 to 1.9 fold higher in β-carotene supplemented group compared to that of the control group [74]. In a study by Kazi et al. [75], supplementation with β‐carotene, resulted in a significant increase in IL‐2R+ T lymphocytes (from 12.7 ±3.0% to 26.0 ±1.9%) and CD4+ lymphocytes (from 40.9 ± 3.1% to 45.6 ± 3.2%) was seen in the cancer patients. β-carotene have been proposed to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes [75] and vitamin A plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation
The same purple soymilk with that used in this research had higher (169.92±1.86 mg QE/100 g dry weight) total flavonoid (unpublished) than yellow soymilk (136 mg/100 g) [37]. Isoflavone composition and concentrations change according to the processing methods [38]. During the process of soaking in the manufacture of purple soymilk, β-glucosidase hydrolyses isoflavone glucosides (daidzin and genistin) to aglycones (daidzein and genistein) [39] thus resulted in free daidzein and genistein in purple soymilk to be 720.96 ± 7.20 and 27.05 µg/g weight base (unpublished), respectively. Anthocyanins are found only in black soybean seed coat while in the yellow soybean not detected [40]. Purple soymilk presented a concentration of 3.566 mg C-3-G equivalents [16]. These components are bioactive compounds in purple soymilk that have been reported to have pharmaceutical effects and contribute to the antioxidant properties of purple soymilk …show more content…
It has been demonstrated that β-carotene supplementation resulted in higher numbers on percentage and total cell amount of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells when compared with the base diet [22]. Similar effects were seen for β-carotene supplementation on the proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with T-cell mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). The proliferation of PBL with PHA or ConA was 1.4 to 1.9 fold higher in β-carotene supplemented group compared to that of the control group [74]. In a study by Kazi et al. [75], supplementation with β‐carotene, resulted in a significant increase in IL‐2R+ T lymphocytes (from 12.7 ±3.0% to 26.0 ±1.9%) and CD4+ lymphocytes (from 40.9 ± 3.1% to 45.6 ± 3.2%) was seen in the cancer patients. β-carotene have been proposed to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes [75] and vitamin A plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation