Public policymaking in United States has three important phases; policy formulation phase, policy implementation phase and policy modification phase. All three phases are affected by social and biological impacts. All phases are dynamic because policies can be amended or repelled at any time under the right circumstances. Policymaking depends on the constant feedback from each phase to enhance the process. Policy formulation phase proceeds to policy implementation phase with the legislation's enactment. Policy implementation phase has two parts; rulemaking and operation (Longest). It's really important to understand this phase of policymaking process because, healthcare in the United States costs over $2.8 trillion and the decisions made
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The rulemaking process starts when Congress decides to take action against a law passed by the legislation or make a change to the previous law. This step allows for the executive branch to step in. A draft is created for the law by an agency and it is reviewed. The Federal Register Act of 1935 and the Administration Procedure Act of 1946 requires that each proposed law after reviewed is published for the audience. This allows for the audience affected by the law to be given a chance to express their opinions. After this, the law is reviewed again and agreed upon and the final publication occurs. The rule then takes effect but can always be reviewed by the Congress or be legally challenged (Longest). In simpler terms as described by Washington State Department of Health, rulemaking can be broken down into three significant steps; notification to propose a rule, draft of the changes to the rule and an window for input and the approval of the …show more content…
Interest groups are made with people who are affected or generally are enthusiastic about laws and the process of lawmaking. These groups are very well organized and tend to be aggressive towards policies that matter to them. These groups can be made of doctors, general public, lobbyist or anyone in the health-care field and because of this wide range, it is common that every policy made will have an affect on one or more of these groups (Longest). There are different opinions about the presence of interest groups in policymaking but it is significant to note that interest groups help shape the legislation (Thuynsma). When two different groups argue about the same policy, the matter becomes intense and legislation usually ends up interfering to gain the most net support. Usually the party with more political strength wins but through the argument both sides are heard and new information is revealed (Longest). Interest groups can help bring a problem forward through their organizations' strength. Because of their union, their voice is heard and often payed attention to. Public policymaking are usually a refection of interest groups preferences. In the past, politicians like James Madison feared that interest groups could turn the citizens against the government. However without interest groups it would be hard for the public to speak up and be heard against a policy
The rulemaking process starts when Congress decides to take action against a law passed by the legislation or make a change to the previous law. This step allows for the executive branch to step in. A draft is created for the law by an agency and it is reviewed. The Federal Register Act of 1935 and the Administration Procedure Act of 1946 requires that each proposed law after reviewed is published for the audience. This allows for the audience affected by the law to be given a chance to express their opinions. After this, the law is reviewed again and agreed upon and the final publication occurs. The rule then takes effect but can always be reviewed by the Congress or be legally challenged (Longest). In simpler terms as described by Washington State Department of Health, rulemaking can be broken down into three significant steps; notification to propose a rule, draft of the changes to the rule and an window for input and the approval of the …show more content…
Interest groups are made with people who are affected or generally are enthusiastic about laws and the process of lawmaking. These groups are very well organized and tend to be aggressive towards policies that matter to them. These groups can be made of doctors, general public, lobbyist or anyone in the health-care field and because of this wide range, it is common that every policy made will have an affect on one or more of these groups (Longest). There are different opinions about the presence of interest groups in policymaking but it is significant to note that interest groups help shape the legislation (Thuynsma). When two different groups argue about the same policy, the matter becomes intense and legislation usually ends up interfering to gain the most net support. Usually the party with more political strength wins but through the argument both sides are heard and new information is revealed (Longest). Interest groups can help bring a problem forward through their organizations' strength. Because of their union, their voice is heard and often payed attention to. Public policymaking are usually a refection of interest groups preferences. In the past, politicians like James Madison feared that interest groups could turn the citizens against the government. However without interest groups it would be hard for the public to speak up and be heard against a policy