Poor mental and physical health problems are also risk factors for male-perpetrated IPV (Machisa et al., 2016). It has been found that many IPV perpetrators have comorbid mental health issues and health complications (Semiatin et al., 2016). Psychopathy may be considered a key feature in understanding IPV perpetration (Okano, Langille, & Walsh, 2016). Psychopathy “is a personality syndrome characterized by cold and callous lack of affect, grandiose and manipulative interpersonal style, irresponsible and impulsive behavior, and a generally antisocial lifestyle” (Okano et al., 2016, p.2). The pattern of psychopathy falls under the category of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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The incidence of family violence in families making more than $75,000 a year is 3%, while families making less than $75,000 a year are 20% more likely to be involved in family violence (Jenny, 2011). IPV research is limited when discussing minority groups and the prevalence of IPV; this is an issue since ethnicity is a significant risk factor for IPV (Capaldi et al., 2012; Renner, Whitney, & Vasquez, 2015). Although research is limited, studies have found that African American, Native American, and Hispanic women are more likely to be involved in physical IPV as compared to White women (Cheng & Lo, 2016). Women who are not born in the United States tend to experience IPV at higher rates as compared to minority women born in the United States; once migrated to the United States the violence tends to increase (Stockman et al., 2015). Immigrant women face challenges such as language difficulties, confusion of legal rights, adaptation, poverty, new cultural and social structures that limit their access to healthcare and resources (Stockman et al., 2015). Racial and ethnic differences in IPV may be attributable to socioeconomic factors such as employment, poverty levels, and education status; conversely, research has also found racial differences in IPV even when socioeconomic factors were controlled (Renner et al., 2015; Tillyer & Wright,
The incidence of family violence in families making more than $75,000 a year is 3%, while families making less than $75,000 a year are 20% more likely to be involved in family violence (Jenny, 2011). IPV research is limited when discussing minority groups and the prevalence of IPV; this is an issue since ethnicity is a significant risk factor for IPV (Capaldi et al., 2012; Renner, Whitney, & Vasquez, 2015). Although research is limited, studies have found that African American, Native American, and Hispanic women are more likely to be involved in physical IPV as compared to White women (Cheng & Lo, 2016). Women who are not born in the United States tend to experience IPV at higher rates as compared to minority women born in the United States; once migrated to the United States the violence tends to increase (Stockman et al., 2015). Immigrant women face challenges such as language difficulties, confusion of legal rights, adaptation, poverty, new cultural and social structures that limit their access to healthcare and resources (Stockman et al., 2015). Racial and ethnic differences in IPV may be attributable to socioeconomic factors such as employment, poverty levels, and education status; conversely, research has also found racial differences in IPV even when socioeconomic factors were controlled (Renner et al., 2015; Tillyer & Wright,