While no universal definition exists, PEA is often deemed as being either “true-PEA” or “pseudo-PEA”; a distinction that is based on the strength of the myocardial contraction. Both pseudo- and true-PEA involve appropriately organized cardiac electrical activity. The term “pseudo” implicates the production of weak myocardial contraction that is insufficient in producing a palpable pulse, whereas “true” describes an absence of myocardial contraction altogether (2). During arrest, pseudo-PEA often precedes true-PEA, but the two cannot be differentiated without direct visualization of mechanical ventricular activity (MVA) on ultrasound (3). Patients with pseudo-PEA potentially have better resuscitation outcomes than patients with true-PEA due
