Probation Research Paper

Improved Essays
Probation throughout the United States: A Good Thought, but Horrible Results Since the introduction of probation in the United States, the system has proved to be ineffective time and time again. There are many issues that back up this idea ranging from overloaded caseloads, statistically proved recidivism rates, and lack of community based rehabilitation programs. In the world we live in today, there are many different types of offenders that get sentenced to probation. Offenders on probation come from all walks of life including social status, and neighborhoods that have a great influence on the psychological make-up of the offender. I will begin by discussing my thoughts on recidivism rates I found while I analyzed journal articles. …show more content…
Andrew Fulkerson (2012) conducted a research paper in 2012 which analyzed the recidivism rates among approximately 500 people on parole. The research concluded that 62.5% of people on probation recidivated within four years of being on or out of probation (Fulkerson 2012). This is statistically significant considering more than half of the people who were supervised went on to relapse into the criminal aspect of life. In order for any program to be successful, it is imperative that the majority of people are on board with the system. Revocation appeared to play a paramount role in whether or not the offender would recidivate. Offenders who fully completed the probation program without revoking had an average of 49.5% recidivism rate (Fulkerson, 2012). One of the key determinates of whether or not someone would recidivate is whether or not they completed the program. Fulkerson found that 78.9% of offenders whom did not complete the probation program would go on to recidivate (Fulkerson, 2012). The offenders failed to complete the programs because they had their probation revoked. Fulkerson concluded from his study that completion of the probation program is the best predictor of whether or not offenders will recidivate (Fulkerson,

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    In order to conduct a comparison between two probation agencies, my first instincts was to choose two agencies that were opposite of each other on the United States map. The two agencies that I chose were the Parole and Probation Division in Salem, OR and the Parole and Probation Division in Jefferson City, MO. At first glance it appeared as though the agency in Salem, OR provided and implemented very little resources to its parolees that would reduce the risk of recidivism and promote offender change. However, as I began to perform additional research on both agencies, I not only noticed that Salem, OR had sufficient programs but most of their programs were similar to those of Jefferson City, MO. The similarities between the two divisions…

    • 412 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Case Study: Drug Courts

    • 314 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Drug courts constitute a clear example of an integrated public health and safety strategy that has shown promise for reducing drug use and recidivism rates. Drug courts are separate criminal courts providing supervised treatment for drug offenders as an alternative to incarceration. Drug courts provide offenders with intensive court supervision, mandatory drug testing, and substance abuse treatment. Successful completion of the program allows the offender to avoid incarceration, have their criminal charges reduced or dismissed, or have their sentences reduced. Those found not in compliance with the program rules typically receive a criminal drug conviction and may be sentenced to incarceration.…

    • 314 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Consider a probation officer contemplating a decision to seek revocation of a client's probation. What theories might underlie such a decision? What are the goals? What kinds of information should the officer seek? What kinds of feedback might the probation officer want to influence later decisions?…

    • 683 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Incarceration Experience

    • 1482 Words
    • 6 Pages

    In the year 2000, forty-two percent of parolees were returned to incarceration (Maruna & Lebel, 2003). Inmates need to deal with many issues once back in society that they did not need to worry about while in prison. They need to find a place live and somewhere to work or a means of legally acquiring income. Finding a job is hard enough, and for a felon it is even more difficult. Another issue inmates face once back in society is the accessibility of drugs.…

    • 1482 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    There was once a time when society only stigmatized drug use, but in today’s society it has been criminalized as well. Nixon’s declaration for the war on drugs became the catalyst for increased punishment for drug crimes, leading to more people spending time incarcerated because of nonviolent drug crimes. However, the time has come to compare the effectiveness of incarceration versus rehabilitation as a means of managing the problem of drug use. At the same time, considering the factor of one 's socioeconomic status as a contributor to incarceration for drug use. Effective change is needed to reduce the expanding rates of incarceration in the United States through the legal reform of punishments for nonviolent drug crimes, increasing funding…

    • 1345 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Effect on Recidivism At some point almost every individual who has been through the justice system, whether adult or juvenile, will be released back into the general population. At this point, the concern becomes whether the justice system is designed to achieve restoration so that individuals return as constructive members of society who are willing to commit themselves to living positively in the future. When this does not happen and an individual is involved in a future criminal activity, he or she is said to have recidivated.…

    • 789 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Overcrowded Adult Prisons

    • 208 Words
    • 1 Pages

    Across the globe correction facilities are overcrowded with adult offenders who account for the majority of criminal activities. Some of these individuals could probably benefit from restorative justice programs, however, community-based corrections will be the best solution for critically overcrowded adult jails and prisons. These institutions at some point will have no choice but to release nonviolent offenders on probation and parole. This is why restorative programs are put in place structured for reducing juvenile recidivism keeping them out of the adult prison population. Juveniles are still growing and have a chance in life if they were guided down the right path, however, in today’s society there are so many youth who are dealing with…

    • 208 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Rates Of Recidivism

    • 1139 Words
    • 5 Pages

    What affects the recidivism rates for this comparison is the demographic and offending characteristics of the prisoners that were released. These characteristics are crucial for the possible outcomes of recidivism. An example given was comparing the recidivism rates among 40 years or older inmates. In 1994 there was a result of 17.2% of returned inmates, and 32.1% in 2005. The reliability is high for this study comparing the two overall, but because the lack of accurate individual samples that result in a broad number of differences, there is low validity among the Samples that are divided up by demographics and offending characteristics.…

    • 1139 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Offender Recidivism

    • 573 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Once this big puzzle known as the offenders life is put together to truly understand why they recidivate, then solutions can be found to end this issue. For the duration that offender in in the Justices control, many individuals will be coming up with ways to end recidivism. Much research has been competed to finding viable solutions to this issue. During my research I have found and created my own solution to this problem and it consists of a customized program plan that is focused on the offender’s personal life. This will be discussed towards…

    • 573 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Recidivism In Corrections

    • 369 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Probation and parole: Public risk and the future of incarceration alternatives [Abstract]. Criminology, 31, 549-564. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1993.tb01141.x/abstract Krisberg, B. (1982). The unmet promise of alternatives to incarceration. Crime & Delinquency, 28, 374-409.…

    • 369 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Reentry programs have been developed to assist the offender with a successful transition from prison to the community. Prisoner reentry has become a major topic as communities are seeing a greater number of prisoners released each year. In 2008, 683,106 inmates were released from state and federal prisons which is a 20 percent increase in the number of inmates released in 2000 (Wikoff, Linhorst, & Morani, 2012, p. 289). In 1999, Attorney General Janet Reno asked criminal justice officials to begin investigating strategies for managing the increasing number of prisoners being released from correctional institutions (Byrd, 2016, p. 2). Since 1999, many reentry programs have been established such as the federal Second Chance Act and many states have developed reentry task forces (Byrd, 2016, p. 3).…

    • 551 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Scholarly research has demonstrated the many correctional treatment programs have effectively reduced recidivism rates (Cullen & Gendreau, 2000). Although the concepts of rehabilitation and correctional treatment were dominant throughout the majority of the twentieth century, they have been subject to much debate and criticism. Such controversy can be seen when examining the three different shifts in thinking about offenders and how such views have influenced correctional treatment models. In the early 1800s, “penitentiaries” were established as offenders were removed from society in order to transform their behaviors by placing them in a more structured environment (Cullen & Gendreau, 2000).…

    • 978 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Probation is a sentence that takes place within the community rather than a prison. The offender is supervised by a designated probation officer who oversees the offender and enforces any conditions placed upon them by the court. It emerged as a response to the strict uniformity of penal institutions and is a move towards the individualisation of sentencing, as punishment can be tailored to the individual needs of the offender (McLaughlin and Muncie, 2001). Probation was also a response to the overriding penal concern in the 1970’s, which lasted until the early 1990’s, of reducing the prison population, this led to the introduction of an array of alternatives to custody, with the assumption that their existence would enable the courts to use imprisonment more sparingly (Newburn, 2013).…

    • 2200 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    (2011). Crime and Prisons: Beyond the rehabilitation and punishment debate. Retrieved from http://proutglobe.org/2011/05/crime-and-prisons-beyond-the-rehabilitation-and-punishment-debate/ Lipsey, M.W. & Cullen, F. T. (2007, December). The Effectiveness of Correctional Rehabilitation: A Review of Systematic Reviews. Retrieved from Annual Review of Law and Social Science website: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.3.081806.112833 Miceli, V. (2009, May).…

    • 1674 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Funding of Rehabilitation Programs in the Federal Prison System of America and Their Effect on Prisoners Prison rehabilitation can be defined as the re-integration into society of a person who has been convicted of crime, to counter habitual offending, also known as criminal recidivism. (Rehabilitation Center., n.d.) These rehabilitation programs can take the form of educational, artistic, recreational and drug abuse programs. Many prisons in the U.S. don’t fund a substantial quality of rehabilitation programs even though they have proven to be highly effective in reintegrating prisoners to the outside world; seen through a lowered recidivism rate in those prisons that have implemented them.…

    • 1371 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays