Due to the failure of re-entry programs in the last twenty years, newer studies theorize that there should be a shift in the studies of re-entry programs within the Criminal Justice system. The article Reentry to What? argues that there should be more studies that place a deeper theoretical attention to the subaltern populations of which have been incarcerated over the past thirty years. Within the article three primary theoretical perspectives are emphasized in regards to the “re-entry” agenda. They are as follows, prisoner re-entry as neo-liberal punishment, prisoner re-entry as a peculiar institution, and prisoner re-entry as criminological scientism.
The first concept of prisoner re-entry serving as a neo-liberal punishment is a monumental …show more content…
This ideation pertains to the sociocultural aspects which in turn resulted in a breakdown of social control institutions. One aspect of which helped lead to the transcarceration effect pertains to failure of informal social control institutions within impoverished neighborhoods. Some examples of which include: churches, passing schools, close familial bonds, etc. A prime instance would be, financial assistance programs which originally served as pro-social controls have now diminished and in turn has stimulated the arisal of the broken windows effect. The broken windows effect occurs when the social habilitation programs within neighborhoods diminish and residents who have enough financial standing can evacuate, whereas those who do not are forced to remain within the crime ridden neighborhood. The broken windows effect, then in turn directly correlates to the next concept of the neighborhood becoming a breeding grounds for minorities to commit crimes. Due to the fact, that criminologists focus solely on the risk factors of offenders within the prison system, whether it be from he/she being impulsive, hanging out with deviant peer groups on the outside such as illicit drug rings. In turn, correctional officers must focus solely upon re-habilitating offenders especially within the instance of impoverished adolescent African American males. Because of the fact, that throughout history …show more content…
Somberly, throughout the entirety of the U.S. criminal justice system as a whole ex-offender re-entry programs are solely in the foundation stages and have not been fully properly implemented. Not only have prisoner re-entry systems have not fully emerged throughout the criminal justice system the methodologies of which they utilize for “rehabilitation” are incorrect. This derives from the fact, that many re-entry programs treat individuals as solely a number not an individual by focusing on things such as age, severity of the offense, etc. In addition, the criminal justice system is still stuck on the notion that “mass incarceration” serves a beneficiary, as although locking up offenders gets them and their offense/s off of the street this in turn creates a bomb ready to explode at any second for two reasons. Firstly because, locking non-violent offenders up in turn forces them to do one primary thing. This pertains to the fact, that in order to fit in with the general prison population he/she must put a machismo mask on in order to fit in with the multitude of violent offenders around them while receiving no help towards pro-social values. Next, upon prisoners release from the system they are left with barely a dime in his/her pocket and essentially are thrust right back into the environment of which they frequented before prison. Which in turn, leads to him/her resolving to old
The first concept of prisoner re-entry serving as a neo-liberal punishment is a monumental …show more content…
This ideation pertains to the sociocultural aspects which in turn resulted in a breakdown of social control institutions. One aspect of which helped lead to the transcarceration effect pertains to failure of informal social control institutions within impoverished neighborhoods. Some examples of which include: churches, passing schools, close familial bonds, etc. A prime instance would be, financial assistance programs which originally served as pro-social controls have now diminished and in turn has stimulated the arisal of the broken windows effect. The broken windows effect occurs when the social habilitation programs within neighborhoods diminish and residents who have enough financial standing can evacuate, whereas those who do not are forced to remain within the crime ridden neighborhood. The broken windows effect, then in turn directly correlates to the next concept of the neighborhood becoming a breeding grounds for minorities to commit crimes. Due to the fact, that criminologists focus solely on the risk factors of offenders within the prison system, whether it be from he/she being impulsive, hanging out with deviant peer groups on the outside such as illicit drug rings. In turn, correctional officers must focus solely upon re-habilitating offenders especially within the instance of impoverished adolescent African American males. Because of the fact, that throughout history …show more content…
Somberly, throughout the entirety of the U.S. criminal justice system as a whole ex-offender re-entry programs are solely in the foundation stages and have not been fully properly implemented. Not only have prisoner re-entry systems have not fully emerged throughout the criminal justice system the methodologies of which they utilize for “rehabilitation” are incorrect. This derives from the fact, that many re-entry programs treat individuals as solely a number not an individual by focusing on things such as age, severity of the offense, etc. In addition, the criminal justice system is still stuck on the notion that “mass incarceration” serves a beneficiary, as although locking up offenders gets them and their offense/s off of the street this in turn creates a bomb ready to explode at any second for two reasons. Firstly because, locking non-violent offenders up in turn forces them to do one primary thing. This pertains to the fact, that in order to fit in with the general prison population he/she must put a machismo mask on in order to fit in with the multitude of violent offenders around them while receiving no help towards pro-social values. Next, upon prisoners release from the system they are left with barely a dime in his/her pocket and essentially are thrust right back into the environment of which they frequented before prison. Which in turn, leads to him/her resolving to old