VICTORIAN CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATION TRIBUNAL (VCAT) The Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT)is organized under the Victoria Civil And Administrative Tribunal Act 1998 and it started functioning on the date of 1st July 1998.VCAT has 15 boards and tribunals to offer and conducts hearings in some areas in Victoria specifically in suburban and regional. Its location was in 55 King street,Melbourne. VCAT vision is to render service to Victorians people in a fair,low cost and efficient way to help resolved disputes. Providing a low cost,accessible,efficient and independent tribunal who deliver a high quality resolution is the purpose of VCAT.Through the years,It has progress to take in new jurisdictions and functions under various acts,rules…
His position as an undercover officer allows for him to proceed in criminal cases without having to initially presenting himself as a law enforcement officer. Law enforcement has to result to such drastic measures in order to collect important evidence that would not easily be obtained if it were not for undercover operations. These specific operations do not act as deterrence for the individuals who are being accused. Undercover operations are resorted to in order for law enforcement officers to gain trust from the accused in order to confirm confidential information that could be used as evidence in the proceeding case. If this case were to happen today I firmly believe that the punishment would be more extreme compared to the final sentence given in the case United States v. Russell.…
In the essence of lawfully securing the ability to invade and search someone else’s property to look for evidence of a crime, two approaches have been examined. One being the totality of circumstance approach which states that all facts and circumstances in the given situation should be looked at in each case individually, meaning that the whole picture needs to be examined in order to determine if there is probable cause to enter someone’s property for searches and seizures; the other approach being the Aguilar-Spinelli two pronged test, which was developed in Aguilar v. Texas and Spinelli v. United States and the two requirements were that, “The magistrate must be informed of the reasons to support the conclusion that such an informant is…
Moskos interviewed an officer who stated that there is a variance in arrests amongst the offices because some officers are concerned with keeping their arrest numbers up and make ‘bullshit’ arrests, and other officers who are concerned with ‘policing aggressively’(p.148). This becomes an issue of ethics because arrests are not being made for crime control purposes, rather, the arrests are being made in order for officers to keep the arrest stats up, even if it meant making an arrest for an illegitimate reason. “Ethnographers potentially tread a thin line between going along with police behaviour—colluding through inaction when unnecessary force is used—and ‘blowing the whistle’(Westmarland, 2001, p.527)”. Moskos had to maintain his purpose as a researcher looking into the ‘Blue Brotherhood’ and not for the purpose of exposing police officers of illegitimate arrests to keep up with arrest…
two feet, gain their self-esteem, and regain their relationship with their children and family members (Kaye, 2004). Another problem-solving courts with successful results include domestic violence courts. Domestic violence cases arose in the 1900s and it was evident that not enough was being done in order to protect the victims. Problem-solving courts allow for one judge to overview the case from the beginning to the end.…
Intelligence-led strategy is a tactic that surged from the 9/11 attacks so that police departments can work on gathering intelligence within their communities to prevent terrorist attacks such as the one from 9/11 as well as crimes that are occurring within their jurisdictions (Fritsch, Liederbach, Taylor & Caeti, 2009, pg. 106). The four key objectives in the transformation of local police agencies into intelligence-led organizations are as follows (Fritsch, 2009, pg. 106): 1) There needs to be specific tasks created for officers 2) There needs to be intelligence resources available to officers so that the resources can help officers in the field gather intelligence 3) Employ standardized training programs such as the ones used by federal agencies that have proven to be effective in the past…
Introduction Secrecy is a common factor in the government, they will always hide something from society. It could be to protect us or just to avoid something even bigger. A police officer role is to “serve and protect the community” by enforcing the law in a safe way to those that break it. Every citizen have the right to be treated fairly in this country. Police officers are supposed to help the community follow the law, by making sure that everything is in order and no one is acting illegal.…
Now matter or not if we agree with how these officers do their jobs these corrupt actions will likely never cease to exist. Regardless, it takes a wolf to catch a…
Officers lie for one another, the department will give false statements and testimonies when questioned. “Normally, a trial decides the truth. But a compelling story rooted in stereotypes may circumvent that” (Troutt 17). The jury and judges fall for the officer’s stories which always include a twisted story and false statements by other officers. Most of all, officers will never give a clear image of what happened unless there is visual evidence such as a video taken by a bystander.…
The Fourth Amendment was put into place to protect the rights of the American people to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. The U.S. Constitution specifically states “no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause…” (U.S. Constitution – Amendment 4). Additional, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that some searches and seizures may be classified as constitutional based on reasonable suspicion and not justified as probable cause. (Lushbaugh, C. A. and Weston, P. B. (2012) Probable cause is a discretionary law that is left up to the officer to determine if he/she has adequate information to entertain probable cause.…
Therefore, a comprehensive up to date knowledge of laws and regulations at the local, state and federal levels is necessary. Fourth, it is important that detectives and undercover officers have good judgment and decision-making skills. Often, undercover officers are placed in situations where they must make quick decisions, which could have a dramatic impact on themselves and others. They must assess whether or not the benefits will outweigh the risks.…
The beginning of intelligence-led policing introduced a new paramount into the ideologies of crime control and policing practices. This style of policing gathers evidence to improve crime prevention and detection, better distribute the use of resources for police, improve effectiveness and enhance partnerships. Although for the philosophy’s of intelligence policing to be effective, decision makers need a critical understanding of the intelligence model to make a positive impact on the criminal environment. This essay will evaluate the research of intelligence-led policing and closely analyse the Australian Federal Policies adaption to its ideals through the use of scholarly articles, AFP corporate plans and annual reports while evaluating the…
Bar Paid Information Aff (don't want it): P.O, senators and judge, I stand as Senator Ortega to make the claim that we should not pay people to find information about drug dealers because these ”helpers” have been known for not being the most reliable. REASON adds that from 2010 to 2016, these informants have not been known for being reliable at all , so we will just be losing money which will in return harm the economy. Besides the fact of having to find a source of where to get the money from, even if we do get one do we know how much money we are going to use and how harmful it will be to the economy. According to CNN, this does not work 52% of the time. As a matter of fact, we are talking about criminals giving us information and us paying them, after all, this money delinquents…
Leadership is not about the position you hold, or the title on your door or nameplate, leadership is about the actions you take. In a high-risk environment such as law enforcement, the most essential element is competent and confident leadership. With this competent and confident leadership comes the responsibility to lead ethically. Those who possess and demonstrate ethical leadership skills are positioned to promote the ideals of legal as well as managerial professionalism (Ortmeier, Meese, 2010). As an ethical leader, you have assumed the responsibility to not only guide your crew through the good times and the tough times, you are also expected to develop your peers into leaders so that they may one day take your spot, or move on in their…
The Orange County District Attorney’s office wrongfully abused the role of informants in high profile cases. Informants are typically low profile criminals in prison who can be used to gain information about another prisoners who have not exercised their right to a lawyer. This informant can take the stand and testify in court against these criminals. However, the Orange County District Attorney’s office created the idea of professional informants. They bribed and strategically placed these informants to trick other prisoners to confess to their acts of deviance.…