Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are ligands for the PPARγ receptor, a pair of nuclear hormone receptors that are involved in the regulation of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism.2 Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are the two TZDs currently used to treat patients with type II diabetes. These medications are insulin sensitizers and increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake by 30-50%.2 The patient will not receive the maximum glucose uptake effect until 1-3 months of taking the medication. In recent studies, Rosiglitazone has been found to be associated with cardiovascular events and this should be considered when prescribing. Pioglitazone has also been thought to have an adverse effect of having an association with bladder cancer.
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