Periodontal diseases generally refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm that trigger an inflammatory response that activate the immune system. Biochemical mediators are biologically active compound, released by the immune cells as a response of the body to eliminate pathogenic bacteria when the periodontium is infected. These mediators responsible to initiate the inflammatory response are cytokines, prostaglandins, and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). As a result of the inflammation and the response of these mediators, the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth is destroyed. Eventually, if the inflammation continues, the tissue
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They bring to the infection site phagocytic cells such as PMNs and macrophages. Also, they are capable of rising the vascular permeability of the infection site causing more immune cells and complement to get there. In periodontitis, the cytokines responsible for initiating tissue destruction and bone loss are interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cytokines are pleiotropy, meaning that different types of cells can secrete the same cytokine, and at the same time a single cytokine can at on different cell types. Also, different cytokines can stimulate the same functions, and they are often produce in a cascade, as they active a target cell and promote the production of more …show more content…
MMPs are produced by PMNs, macrophages, gingival fibroblasts, and junctional epithelial cells. In a healthy tissue, MMPs promote the replacement of periodontal connective tissue matrix. Usually, high numbers of MMPs is seem during a chronic bacterial infection. The result in the periodontal tissue, is the increase destruction of the connective tissue. The main component of the extracellular matrix of soft and hard periodontal tissue that is affected is collagen. The matrix metalloproteinases with collagen-degrading properties are known as collagenases and gelatinases. Collagenases MMP are 1, -8, -13 and -14, and gelatinases are -2 and -9. Both types can cause gingiva recession, pocket formation, tooth mobility and periodontal attachment
They bring to the infection site phagocytic cells such as PMNs and macrophages. Also, they are capable of rising the vascular permeability of the infection site causing more immune cells and complement to get there. In periodontitis, the cytokines responsible for initiating tissue destruction and bone loss are interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cytokines are pleiotropy, meaning that different types of cells can secrete the same cytokine, and at the same time a single cytokine can at on different cell types. Also, different cytokines can stimulate the same functions, and they are often produce in a cascade, as they active a target cell and promote the production of more …show more content…
MMPs are produced by PMNs, macrophages, gingival fibroblasts, and junctional epithelial cells. In a healthy tissue, MMPs promote the replacement of periodontal connective tissue matrix. Usually, high numbers of MMPs is seem during a chronic bacterial infection. The result in the periodontal tissue, is the increase destruction of the connective tissue. The main component of the extracellular matrix of soft and hard periodontal tissue that is affected is collagen. The matrix metalloproteinases with collagen-degrading properties are known as collagenases and gelatinases. Collagenases MMP are 1, -8, -13 and -14, and gelatinases are -2 and -9. Both types can cause gingiva recession, pocket formation, tooth mobility and periodontal attachment