INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
Upbringing antenatal, perinatal and postnatal care are essential services as an effort to improve mothers and children health care. Childbirth as a physiological process must be pursued so that the process goes naturally with a minimum of medical intervention because an unimportant management of labor can harm the mother and fetus. (Kalichman, L. 2015)
The majority of women who give birth vaginally will experience perineal trauma either spontaneously or episiotomy. The overall level of perineal trauma occurred around 85%, perineal trauma is associated with perineal pain and dyspareunia. Perineal pain becomes the most common symptoms in the postnatal period. There is some evidence to suggest that the severity of perineal injury associated with the severity of …show more content…
Approximately 2/3 require perineal suturing. Injury in the genital tract after delivery results in decreased function of the pelvic floor muscles. Perineal trauma has a long impact on the welfare of the mother both physically, psychologically and socially during the postnatal period, as dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), faecal incontinence and persistent perineal pain. There are reports 22% of new mothers complained perineal pain at 8 weeks postpartum and there are a few women experienced persistent pain. The research states that perineal massage can reduce perineal trauma and perineal pain sustained. (Kalichman, L. 2015)
Some of the factors that aggravate the risk of trauma to the perineum (perineal laceration grade 3 and 4) is ethnicity, parity and infant birth weight. The Cochrane review comparing perineal massage during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of perineal trauma, and women who apply perineal massage tend not to do an episiotomy. Women with vaginal delivery, are less likely to have perineal pain at three months after birth. (In May, E., Walfisch A, Raz I, Levy A and Hallak, M,
A. BACKGROUND
Upbringing antenatal, perinatal and postnatal care are essential services as an effort to improve mothers and children health care. Childbirth as a physiological process must be pursued so that the process goes naturally with a minimum of medical intervention because an unimportant management of labor can harm the mother and fetus. (Kalichman, L. 2015)
The majority of women who give birth vaginally will experience perineal trauma either spontaneously or episiotomy. The overall level of perineal trauma occurred around 85%, perineal trauma is associated with perineal pain and dyspareunia. Perineal pain becomes the most common symptoms in the postnatal period. There is some evidence to suggest that the severity of perineal injury associated with the severity of …show more content…
Approximately 2/3 require perineal suturing. Injury in the genital tract after delivery results in decreased function of the pelvic floor muscles. Perineal trauma has a long impact on the welfare of the mother both physically, psychologically and socially during the postnatal period, as dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), faecal incontinence and persistent perineal pain. There are reports 22% of new mothers complained perineal pain at 8 weeks postpartum and there are a few women experienced persistent pain. The research states that perineal massage can reduce perineal trauma and perineal pain sustained. (Kalichman, L. 2015)
Some of the factors that aggravate the risk of trauma to the perineum (perineal laceration grade 3 and 4) is ethnicity, parity and infant birth weight. The Cochrane review comparing perineal massage during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of perineal trauma, and women who apply perineal massage tend not to do an episiotomy. Women with vaginal delivery, are less likely to have perineal pain at three months after birth. (In May, E., Walfisch A, Raz I, Levy A and Hallak, M,