The common laws were the laws of England. A jury characterizes the common laws, judges, the criminal trial, oral testimony, examination and lawyers run the show, while the judge seats on a bench, and decided guilty or innocence
2. What basic “legal actors” did the English law traditionally lack?
The English law lack district attorney and they had no public prosecutor. Something people had to come out of their pocket to pay to persecute someone that was guilty of a crime.
1. What was “paternalism” and what was its fate according to the author?
Paternalism is the role of religion and ideology, godly orders created that shape the criminal laws but then declined