In addition to the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, receiving participation trophies instills false values and expectations in young athletes. Participation trophies are given to children regardless of how well they played. Ashley Merryman, author of Top Dog: The Science to succeed. Instead, it can cause them to underachieve” (n. pag.). Giving children participation trophies indirectly teaches them that even if they do not succeed, they will be given an award or prize. Also, participation trophies do not give children room to make mistakes and learn from those mistakes. Because they received trophies for essentially a parent’s ability to sign them up, children will eventually develop a sense of entitlement that will become a prominent
