Sialodenitis (Parotitis) Parotitis, or sialadenitis, is an inflammatory reaction of the parotid gland caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or mycobacterial penetration. The infection originates with retrograde migration of oral cavity flora through Stensen’s duct. Stasis of saliva, ductal obstruction, decreased stimulation of saliva (anorexia), decreased mastication, and poor oral hygiene contribute to retrograde migration. Chronic illnesses, recent surgical procedures, hypovolemia (diarrhea, emesis, hemorrhage), an immunocompromised host, and radiotherapy are contributing factors (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2011). Blocked saliva flow results from poor oral hygiene, mucus plug in a salivary duct, salivary stone in the parotid
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These factors include recent surgery, malnutrition, dehydration, Sjogren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, radiation therapy of the head and/or neck, alcoholism, diabetes, and HIV infection. The typical presentation of parotitis involves a rapid onset of localized pain, swelling, and hardening of the infected gland. Associated generalized symptoms may include low-grade fever, headache, arthralgias, malaise, and chills (Buttaro et al., 2011). Clinical presentation and physical examination determines the diagnosis of parotitis. Labs drawn should include complete blood count (CBC) with differential and differential, as well as culture and sensitivity. CBC with differential may reveal leukocytosis with neutrophilia in patients with purulence. In such cases, cultures and sensitivities should be performed, along with fungal and mycobacterial analyses. If calculus is suspected to have caused the obstruction, radiographs or oblique soft tissue films should be obtained (Buttaro et al., …show more content…
Amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) consist of amoxicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanate potassium. This combination results in increased spectrum of action and effectiveness against β-lactamase producing bacteria that is resistant amoxicillin. Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic that inhibits its synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins within the bacterial cell wall. Clavulanate, which is a β-lactamase inhibitor, inactivates a broad range of β-lactamase enzymes frequently found in bacteria that is resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins (Lexi-Comp,
These factors include recent surgery, malnutrition, dehydration, Sjogren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, radiation therapy of the head and/or neck, alcoholism, diabetes, and HIV infection. The typical presentation of parotitis involves a rapid onset of localized pain, swelling, and hardening of the infected gland. Associated generalized symptoms may include low-grade fever, headache, arthralgias, malaise, and chills (Buttaro et al., 2011). Clinical presentation and physical examination determines the diagnosis of parotitis. Labs drawn should include complete blood count (CBC) with differential and differential, as well as culture and sensitivity. CBC with differential may reveal leukocytosis with neutrophilia in patients with purulence. In such cases, cultures and sensitivities should be performed, along with fungal and mycobacterial analyses. If calculus is suspected to have caused the obstruction, radiographs or oblique soft tissue films should be obtained (Buttaro et al., …show more content…
Amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) consist of amoxicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanate potassium. This combination results in increased spectrum of action and effectiveness against β-lactamase producing bacteria that is resistant amoxicillin. Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic that inhibits its synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins within the bacterial cell wall. Clavulanate, which is a β-lactamase inhibitor, inactivates a broad range of β-lactamase enzymes frequently found in bacteria that is resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins (Lexi-Comp,