Many scientists all over the world have all attempted to explain the physiological and psychological effects of peoples sleep and dreams. In spite of this, up until this century and with few exceptions, everyone has always thought that while a person slept, their body and brain went into an inactive state. It wasn’t until 1928 when a German psychiatrist that goes by the name of Hans Berger discovered electrical activity inside of the human brain and distinguished differences in these rhythms when the patients were sleeping and when they were awake. It wasn’t until many years later that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, or dream sleep as some call it, was described. When the convincing evidence of this was provided from studies that the brain is very much active during REM sleep and while certain areas or parts of the…
Two types of hallucination associated with the sleep/wake process would be hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations; both are false perceptions that occur during the process of either wakefulness to sleep (hypnagogic) or during sleep to wake (hypnopompic). Pretty much what can occur during both is people having either visual or auditory hallucinations, meaning hearing or seeing things that aren’t really there. Sometimes they can be simple hallucinations but other times they are very realistic. I’m not sure if sleep paralysis would be considered a type of hallucination but it does happen in the sleep/wake process as well.…
Dr. William Dement is recognized as one of the worlds leading authorities on the topic of sleep. In the article titled “Rem Madness, Dement has conducted experiments on patients regarding sleep deprivations. Using an EKG machine he was able to monitor patients in REM. However, when Dement gathered his patients for the experiment he made a mistake. First, he told the patients what they may experience during his experiment, as well as, told them about the probable outcomes of his experiment, which in turn, possibly affected the authenticity of his data.…
The two types of hallucinations associated with the sleep/wake process are sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. They are both very different. Sleep paralysis is when your body is temporarily paralyzed just before falling asleep or right before you wake up. People can't move, speak or react. This is due to muscle weakness and it also sometimes cause people to have severe hallucinations, such as someone breaking into their room and not being able to do anything about it because of the paralysis.…
A 64-year old male with the diagnosis of Stage 2 Parkinson’s disease, was referred for physical therapy after sustaining multiple falls recently. The patient started demonstrating standing balance deficits, postural changes, joint stiffness, and mild tremors 8 months ago. Patient reported loss of balance as the reason for fall and expressed concern over his gait stability progressively getting worse in the last 3 months. The patient had felt improvement with gait control and standing balance when he went to outpatient physical therapy 6 months ago. Patient was often helped by his son in performing bilateral hamstring stretches at home which would help him stand and walk better.…
She still on hold for a close monitoring as the patient remains depressed and still tormented by a command auditory hallucinations still urging her to overdose on a bunch of pills when she is released from the hospital. She also has this attempt to physically or verbally threatened people in her environment. She was agitated, belligerent and guarded. She continues to feel helpless, hopeless and worthless. However, appeared that medications are helping her, no side effects reported.…
The prefix para- is defined as incorrect or abnormal and –somnia referring to sleep. Parasomnia is a term that refers to abnormal behaviors that occur during a cycle of sleep. Generally, parasomnias occur in both rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep. Most people experience some sort of parasomnia at least once in their lifetime, usually occurring during their childhood. Although the prognosis is often excellent, some such as REM behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with neurodegenerative disorders and is more threatening.…
What May Trigger Night Terrors? Night terrors are a type of Parasomnia, that causes screaming, intense fear, and flailing, while still asleep. These episodes are most common, but not always limited to children between the age of three and twelve, but they can also occur in adults. Primarily, children are affected by this Parasomnia, because their CNS, is still in early development, and seems to be more easily disrupted than the matured CNS, of older adults. Some studies show that there are variables, such as tiredness, or drugs, that may cause a development of these disturbances during sleep.…
Cardiovascular System (2) Skin and sweat glands (2) Gastrointestinal tract (2) Pupillary system (2) Neuroendocrine structures (2) Nervous system (2) Discuss disorder/disease prevalence worldwide in numeric format.…
For as long as human beings have been able to reflect on their own consciousness, there has been a prevailing interest with one of the most mysterious activities of the mind: the formation of dreams. From ancient cultures across the world to modern psychologists, humans have always wondered about the origin of dreams. However a more recent development in the study of dreams has been the question of why dreams occur, rather than how they 're formed. The two major theories involving dreams are the psychodynamic theory and the activation-synthesis model of dreaming. Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective believe in psychodynamic dream theory as established by Sigmund Freud, which posits that dreams act as a platform for the fulfillment of wishes and the release of unconscious and unacceptable urges.…
The Parkinson is a disease that make Causes damage to the brain For lack of a neurotransmitter that is called dopamine and they are asked to be dopamine, dopamine is a neurotransmitter for the brain to send impulses to the motor nerves of the human body so that the body's bodies can work better and is important in all nerve responses that are related to the expression of emotions; Can be administered dopamine in the treatment of various types of shock like the Such as Parkinson's tremor Which is caused by the lack of cerebral dopamine that causes the individual to not be able to exercise or make a movement that is accompanied by slowness and clumsiness such as In the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease degenerate and die dopaminergic…
Methodologically the determination of the state of the disorder linked with the individual relationship to the disorder at the time of the dream. Results Based on the research and the Stephanie’s case on dreams and eating disorders, dreams are examples of representational symbolism and according with Freud “unresolved conflict in the patient’s life narrative”, however, Hunt see dreams as a symbolism of symbols having multiple meanings rather than a single, fixed…
Lucid Dreaming: The Start of Great Possibility Baku, a dream eater in Japanese Legend, is a spirit animal that visits people’s homes and eats their nightmares. In Greek mythology, Morpheus is a messenger who has the ability to enter someone’s dream and deliver messages from the gods. His brother Phobetor, who is a shape shifter and is often found in the form of a snake, is the bringer of nightmares. The origin of the English word “nightmare,” is Mara, who is also an evil spirit that changes dreams to nightmares according to Germanic Folklore. There is a legend in the Scottish Lowlands of tiny men called brownies who, when you dream, do chores and housework for you.…
Thesis: Sleep deprivation has vital to a person’s daily life and most serious medical maladies, limiting one ability to learn,…
Sleep also restores the body’s energy supply and it helps a person in order to function effectively. While sleep begins, the body goes through a set of changes, without these changes it can cause sleep disorders. In Macbeth, Shakespeare introduces three different factors of disorders in sleep, which are sleepwalking, sleep talking, and hallucinations. “the affliction of these terrible dreams that shake us nightly: better be with the dead, Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace.” (V, 1, 26-27)…