Finland did not have it easy. Its history was built on bloody wars and severe famines which affected policies and the national psyche for many generations. On December 6, 1917, just weeks after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, Finland declared its independence, but experienced a terrible civil war a few months later between the ‘whites’ (educated class supported by Germany and the large class of small farmers) and the ‘reds’ (the workers supported by the Russians, who were landless and lacked political power). The two sides only united after two decades when they fought successfully against the Soviet Union during the Winter War of 1939-40, and then in the Karelian peninsula offensive in 1944.
The Allied Forces established a ‘Control Commission’ …show more content…
In Finland, the main background factor for the rapid emergence of science and technology policy in the 1960s was economic. In the whole industrialized world, the early 1960s were an era of intensified internationalization and liberalization of trade. This placed new strains on Finland’s production structure, which was one-sided (high dependence on the forest industry), and its level of technology, which was low compared with Finland’s main competitors. Catching up with industrially and technologically more advanced countries, like Finland’s neighbour Sweden, became the factor, which significantly shaped Finnish activities and structures in science and technology for decades. The Keynesian growth policy, which had also gained a foothold in Finland, advocated government intervention in supporting and promoting the innovative activity of firms. The decade from the mid-1960s was the era of modernisation of Finnish …show more content…
After the first installation in 1982, the DX200 captured a 50% share of the Finnish fixed line exchange market. It became the workhorse of the network equipment division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it to be developed into various switching products. Nokia acquired a majority stake in Televa three years later, and bought the state out altogether in 1987.
There was also a political impetus behind Nokia’s decisions to buy a majority of Televa and the privately owned Salora. From the mid-1970s onwards, Finland’s largest coalition Social Democratic Party started getting more involved in the national economy with plans to establish a state-owned electronics company. This was perceived as a major threat to Nokia who led the industry policy counter-strike organised by private industrial companies, which inadvertently also helped it
The Allied Forces established a ‘Control Commission’ …show more content…
In Finland, the main background factor for the rapid emergence of science and technology policy in the 1960s was economic. In the whole industrialized world, the early 1960s were an era of intensified internationalization and liberalization of trade. This placed new strains on Finland’s production structure, which was one-sided (high dependence on the forest industry), and its level of technology, which was low compared with Finland’s main competitors. Catching up with industrially and technologically more advanced countries, like Finland’s neighbour Sweden, became the factor, which significantly shaped Finnish activities and structures in science and technology for decades. The Keynesian growth policy, which had also gained a foothold in Finland, advocated government intervention in supporting and promoting the innovative activity of firms. The decade from the mid-1960s was the era of modernisation of Finnish …show more content…
After the first installation in 1982, the DX200 captured a 50% share of the Finnish fixed line exchange market. It became the workhorse of the network equipment division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it to be developed into various switching products. Nokia acquired a majority stake in Televa three years later, and bought the state out altogether in 1987.
There was also a political impetus behind Nokia’s decisions to buy a majority of Televa and the privately owned Salora. From the mid-1970s onwards, Finland’s largest coalition Social Democratic Party started getting more involved in the national economy with plans to establish a state-owned electronics company. This was perceived as a major threat to Nokia who led the industry policy counter-strike organised by private industrial companies, which inadvertently also helped it