Nutrition 1
Assessment Item 1: Short Answer Questions
1. Define what a nutrient is and discuss the difference between the major macronutrients.
The human body uses nutrients for energy, growth and bodily functions. Nutrients come in different types, some that the body requires in smaller amounts and some that the body will need to take in a greater amount of. The nutrients that are required in larger amounts are called macronutrients. The three macronutrients consist of; Carbohydrates, Lipids and Protein.
2. Discuss the four processes involved in nutritional assessment of an individual. Name the diet planning principles and discuss how each principle helps in diet planning.
Step 1: Nutrition Assessment
There are four processes involved in …show more content…
Discuss the future goals with the client regarding their nutrition. Let them know what foods to reduce the intake of and what foods to increase the intake of in order to reach their future goals. Also discuss whether they have been on a meal plan in the past, and if so, did they stick with it, or if there were some setbacks.
3. Name five organs that secrete digestive juices and describe how these juices and enzymes facilitate digestion.
Salivary Glands
The cheeks, under the tongue and around the jaw contain the core salivary glands in the human body. Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates. Lysozyme is another salivary enzyme, which helps to keep the mouth germ free. Saliva also contains mucus, which coats the food and allows each bite to travel smoothly through the digestive tract.
Role of the Stomach
Hydrochloric acid is produced by a key organ for digestion, the stomach. Hydrochloric acid and an enzyme called pepsin help to digest protein. The acid is produced by a hormone which is created by specific cells in the stomach.
Pancreas and Fat Digestion
The pancreas is the first organ that digests fats. It secretes chemicals, which break complex fats into simple fats which are easier to …show more content…
Describe how each of the major macronutrients are prepared for the TCA cycle and the important mediators produced by the TCA cycle and how they work with the Electron Transport Chain to produce ATP (you may use a diagram to help explain your answer).
Carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates generally enter aerobic respiration at the start of glycolysis. Disaccharides are primarily hydrolysed into monomers, and then each monosaccharide enters the pathway as a reactant for one of the reactions during the time of glycolysis. The complex carbohydrates that supply energy in living organisms are glucose polymers: starch in plants and glycogen in animals. These polymers are hydrolysed to release individual glucose monomers for entrance into glycolysis. The majority of plants and animals hydrolyse glucose polymers using unique enzymes that attach a phosphate as the glucose is released, producing glucose-6-phosphate for entrance into the second reaction of glycolysis.
Assessment Item 1: Short Answer Questions
1. Define what a nutrient is and discuss the difference between the major macronutrients.
The human body uses nutrients for energy, growth and bodily functions. Nutrients come in different types, some that the body requires in smaller amounts and some that the body will need to take in a greater amount of. The nutrients that are required in larger amounts are called macronutrients. The three macronutrients consist of; Carbohydrates, Lipids and Protein.
2. Discuss the four processes involved in nutritional assessment of an individual. Name the diet planning principles and discuss how each principle helps in diet planning.
Step 1: Nutrition Assessment
There are four processes involved in …show more content…
Discuss the future goals with the client regarding their nutrition. Let them know what foods to reduce the intake of and what foods to increase the intake of in order to reach their future goals. Also discuss whether they have been on a meal plan in the past, and if so, did they stick with it, or if there were some setbacks.
3. Name five organs that secrete digestive juices and describe how these juices and enzymes facilitate digestion.
Salivary Glands
The cheeks, under the tongue and around the jaw contain the core salivary glands in the human body. Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates. Lysozyme is another salivary enzyme, which helps to keep the mouth germ free. Saliva also contains mucus, which coats the food and allows each bite to travel smoothly through the digestive tract.
Role of the Stomach
Hydrochloric acid is produced by a key organ for digestion, the stomach. Hydrochloric acid and an enzyme called pepsin help to digest protein. The acid is produced by a hormone which is created by specific cells in the stomach.
Pancreas and Fat Digestion
The pancreas is the first organ that digests fats. It secretes chemicals, which break complex fats into simple fats which are easier to …show more content…
Describe how each of the major macronutrients are prepared for the TCA cycle and the important mediators produced by the TCA cycle and how they work with the Electron Transport Chain to produce ATP (you may use a diagram to help explain your answer).
Carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates generally enter aerobic respiration at the start of glycolysis. Disaccharides are primarily hydrolysed into monomers, and then each monosaccharide enters the pathway as a reactant for one of the reactions during the time of glycolysis. The complex carbohydrates that supply energy in living organisms are glucose polymers: starch in plants and glycogen in animals. These polymers are hydrolysed to release individual glucose monomers for entrance into glycolysis. The majority of plants and animals hydrolyse glucose polymers using unique enzymes that attach a phosphate as the glucose is released, producing glucose-6-phosphate for entrance into the second reaction of glycolysis.