Host cells produce Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) that help in exert cytotoxic activity on microorganisms. The capacity of S. aureus to counteract the activity of the AMPs is another mechanism that enables it to evade the immune system. The microbe has the ability to inhibit the cytotoxic effect through the alteration of the AMP by production of staphylokinase [4]. Neutrophil-mediated processes and phagocytosis are crucial in the host innate immune system. S. aureus has the ability to evade these systems and cause infections in the host and the processes involve many secreted and cell-surface-associated proteins [7].…
For instance penicillin is known to be effective against gram positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus of which during its activity forms surface protein that binds and leads to the osmotic lysis (Willey et al, 2011 page832). However, there are some emergences of bacteria resistance to penicillin causing pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus infections know as Methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Chaitow, 1998) commonly found in hospitals. The results showed that Ciprofloxacin (C) was effective against S. aureus solid proof backing the literature that the drug has capabilities against gram-negative species better than Gram –positive (Heritage et al, 1999).…
The financial burden associated with treating Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLASBI) in the acute care setting of one average adult patient is estimated to cost: $5,000-$125,000 per episode. Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLASBI) are an area within the Healthcare field that is continuously in need of preventive measures. The multiple drug resistant strain of germs is a contributor to the already immunocompromised patient requiring a central line. Although central lines have been around since the 1970’s it wasn’t until the late 1980-2000, research began tracking and recording Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLASBI). At this time, the most frequent germs observed for central line infections was coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus for a total of 43% in the 1980’s.…
Treatment responder: patient who was afebrile, had no growth in lesion area, width, or length from baseline, and did not receive other antimicrobial therapy identified by the exclusion criteria, and did not die of any cause. 667 patients were randomized with a median age of 43 years. About 41% had cellulitis, about 30% had major cutaneous abscess and about 30% had a wound infection. S. aureus was the most commonly detected pathogen and MRSA was present in about 42% of both treatment groups. Results: Treatment response rates were similar at the 48- to 72-hour assessment in both groups, noninferiority was achieved, and sustained clinical success rates at the end of treatment using the ITT data were comparable between the two groups.…
In conclusion, MRSA, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, is a derivative of penicillin created to treat staph infections, which then became resistant. S. aureus bacteria reproduces at an alarming ration, causing several mutations. With each mutation, the bacterium becomes more virulent. The staph bacterium lives on a person’s skin, but only becomes harmful if it enters the skin through a wound. To determine if the infection is MRSA, testing must be done to show the bacterium is resistant to all penicillin related antibiotics.…
Clinical Problem The incidence of CLABSI’s on a SICU in a level one trauma center had increased to an alarming rate of 62% per 1,000 catheter days. Although a 46% decrease in CLABSI’s has occurred in hospitals across the U.S. from 2008-2016, an estimated 30,100 CLABSI’s still occur each year. The patient’s that acquire these infections have increased rates of morbidity and mortality with an alarming 25% of patient’s acquiring CVC infections succumbing to death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016).…
Regardless of the timeframe when infection occurs, the Staphylococci bacteria are among the most common cause of infection in surgical and prosthetic joint procedures. S. aureus, in particular, is frequently the primary contributing bacteria of late onset infections (Moran, Byren & Atkins, 2010). During a case study of post-surgical infections, over half of the S. aureus infections were also found to be caused by the methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain, also known as MRSA (Anderson, et. al., 2010).…
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus For this assignment I have been asked to choose a pathogen, describe it and explain how the chain of infection can be broken. I have chosen Meticillen Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. As a support worker in theatres MRSA can cause significant problems for us and for patients, therefore we have to have each patient screened before we operate and we have certain standard precautions we need to follow before, during and after surgery. Staphylococcus Aureus is a very common bacteria. Meticillen resistant staphylococcus aureus is a strain of this bacteria that is resistant to some antibiotics that are commonly used to treat staphylococcal infections.…
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the disease also known as MRSA. This disease has been in my life since 2010. I have had an outbreak of this disease about four times since 2010. It is not a comfortable disease and I have had to live with it since then. It is very painful and a quite disgusting infection.…
It is unfortunately quite a common infection in the United States and worldwide. Individuals who are hospitalized have the greatest risk of becoming infected. Improper hand washing, the lack of sterilization and disinfection, and not using the right personal protective equipment, as well as not using it effectively are the biggest reasons why nosocomial infections such as MRSA are spread in health care settings. I want to be a Dental Hygienist and in order to prevent the spread of MRSA in medical facilities we can start by always washing our hands in between everything we do. Instead of taking off our gloves and slipping into another pair we should be washing our hands in between every pair we switch to because the insides of gloves are wonderful, warm and moist environment for bacteria to flourish and grow in.…
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), is a common infection that is caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, and is closely linked to the healthcare setting (National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC], 2010). Mr Janson had an open wound that was left untreated for a period of a week, opening the grazed knee to a variety of infectious agents including MRSA bacteria, which now requires immediate intervention and infection…
Wound Care Generally patients are diagnosed with MRSA after they have an infection that does not respond to traditional antibiotic therapy and is therefore cultured. Consequently, it is important to educate the patient on proper wound care regardless of whether they have received a diagnosis of MRSA. Proper handwashing technique, in addition to appropriate disposal of soiled dressing materials will assist in the prevention of transmission of MRSA. Moreover, appropriate wound care will assure wound healing is expedited.…
Health care-acquired infection (HCAI) is a foremost problem for patient safety and its surveillance. Prevention of HCAI has got to be the first main concern for settings and institutions dedicated to making health care safer. The impact of HCAI implies extended hospital stay, long-term disability, increased antimicrobials resistance of microorganisms, massive extra economic load, high expenses for patients and their families, and excess mortalities ( Boyce J., 2009). In the USA, 10%, or 2 million, patients a year become infected (HCAI), with the annual cost ranging from $4.5 billion to $11 billion. The most frequent type of infection hospital-wide is urinary tract infection (36%), followed by surgical site infection (20%), and bloodstream infection and pneumonia (both 11%)(World Health Organization, 2009).…
“Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (MRSA), is the most common organism that is causing SSIs,” (Spine, 2014, pp. 387). There are a couple ways proposed at helping the incidences decline one research has determined that using vancomycin powder could lower rates of SSIs (Chiang et al., 2015). “The pooled risk estimates from these studies revealed that vancomycin powder remained significantly protective against all SSIs, deep incisional SSIs, and S. aureus SSIs”, (Chiang et al., 2015). This is one way to protect against surgical site infections without complication, there are also other approaches which don’t use more medications. Edmiston and Spencer think language barriers are one reason why people are getting SSIs, they also state that surgical care bundles can lower the risk of surgical site infections, (2014, p. 617).…
Introduction/Review of Literature Introduction Hospital acquired infections (HAI), also known as healthcare associated infections or nosocomial infections, are infections transmitted to patients while in a hospital or other healthcare facility. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), there were approximately 722,000 patients suffering from hospital acquired infections in the United States in 2011 of whom 75,000 suffered fatalities. Accordingly, hospital acquired infections accounted for more deaths in 2011 than the 32,367 fatalities from motor vehicle accidents combined with the 41,374 fatalities from breast cancer in 2011 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014, September; U.S Department of Transportation,…