On the contrary the nondemocratic enculturation in the Dutch, Japanese, and French colonies left some nondemocratic legacies in Indonesia, Korea, and Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam which slow their pace of democratization. In a similar way Thailand and Turkey, albeit without colonial experience, have inherited their own centralizing and statist tradition. It is not surprizing, therefore, that their democracy has not yet fully consolidated. A solid civic culture is also needed for a stable democracy. According to Markle (1998:57), the culture should be composed of threefold societal balance- a balance between the ideological subcultures of society, a balance between parochial, subjective, and participatory political culture within each individual.
