A study by Kenney, Roybuck and Gould examines the possibility of the variation along the dorsal and ventral axis of the hippocampus in the effects of nicotine on learning. According from the research nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein combines binding sites for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and play a role in cognitive functions. Additionally, the nicotinic administration also related to the hippocampus which involved learning and memory. For this research to understand how dorsal and ventral hippocampus differ in their role effects of nicotine on hippocampus-dependent contextual learning memory, and understand the relation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) effects, scientists used the fear conditioning tests. Beginning
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Mice were divided into two to four cage before surgery and singly housed with ad libitum access to food and water following surgery. Mice were maintained on 12 hours of light and dark cycle for this study. Training and testing the fear conditioning of the mice, they had been placed into four conditioning chambers. Ventilation fans had been placed on the back of the box to create background noise and air exchange. During the training time, mice had been placed in the chamber and 120-s baseline period, 2 co-terminating (conditioning stimuli ) which 30s and 85-db white nose, and (unconditioned stimuli) which 2s and 0.57 m a foot shock presentations separated by a 120-s intertrial interval occurred. Session of the training ended after 30-s stimuli free period. After the training session, scientists test the fear conditioning of mice which had been placed in the altered chamber generalized freeing was scored for 3 min in the absence of conditioning stimuli and presentations of conditioned stimuli 3 min of the freezing response. Additionally, elevated plus maze had been used after drug infusion of mice had it and recorded their behavior by the video camera over 5 min. Furthermore of the research process mice had been go over surgery to inject the drug infusions. Nicotine had been infused 15 min before training or testing and methyllycaconitine or di-hydro B-erythroidine. To calculate the results, scientist used one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD hoc tests or
Mice were divided into two to four cage before surgery and singly housed with ad libitum access to food and water following surgery. Mice were maintained on 12 hours of light and dark cycle for this study. Training and testing the fear conditioning of the mice, they had been placed into four conditioning chambers. Ventilation fans had been placed on the back of the box to create background noise and air exchange. During the training time, mice had been placed in the chamber and 120-s baseline period, 2 co-terminating (conditioning stimuli ) which 30s and 85-db white nose, and (unconditioned stimuli) which 2s and 0.57 m a foot shock presentations separated by a 120-s intertrial interval occurred. Session of the training ended after 30-s stimuli free period. After the training session, scientists test the fear conditioning of mice which had been placed in the altered chamber generalized freeing was scored for 3 min in the absence of conditioning stimuli and presentations of conditioned stimuli 3 min of the freezing response. Additionally, elevated plus maze had been used after drug infusion of mice had it and recorded their behavior by the video camera over 5 min. Furthermore of the research process mice had been go over surgery to inject the drug infusions. Nicotine had been infused 15 min before training or testing and methyllycaconitine or di-hydro B-erythroidine. To calculate the results, scientist used one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD hoc tests or