This lab makes use of the reaction excess powdered calcium carbonate and different concentrations limiting hydrochloric acid in order to determine the effect of changing concentration on the rate of the reaction. Students will carry out 3 trials of 5 experiments each trial. The five different experiments are for the various concentrations of hydrochloric acid (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mol/L). First measure out approximately 2 grams of powdered calcium carbonate using a weighing boat and analytical balance. Then, measure out 30 mL of 0.2 M hydrochloric acid into a volumetric flask.…
Methods For this experiment, 100 ml of orange juice, and 100ml of water were measured out. The temperatures of the liquids were the same. Next, the ph levels of both liquids were measured. One Alka seltzer was dropped in the water and one in the juice, and timed how long it took to dissolve.…
Introduction Many biological processes are pH dependent, to illustrate, stomach is at a relatively lower pH than other organs for proper function of digestive enzymes. In particular, buffer is essential for maintaining cellular functions. For instance, protein intake and metabolism generates about 70mM of H+ daily (Silverthorn, Johnson, Ober, Garrison, & Silverthorn, 2012), which could lower pH of human blood to as low as 3. To limit the drastic change in blood pH, human body has three buffer systems – bicarbonate, monohydrogen phosphate, and ammonia. Buffer is made up of weak acid and its conjugate base.…
Two of Alka Seltzer’s ingredients, Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda), were both placed into a beaker to see if both contents could cause a potential reaction. The final result was a non- occurring reaction. For a second test, both the Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate were placed into separate, dry beakers.…
Purpose: To find the pH of different household items and to see what substances are acids or bases. To see how different substances neutralize each other. Hypothesis: I hypothesize that cleaning products will be bases and foods and substances we ingest will be acids. Materials: • Oil • Finesse Shampoo • Anti Freeze • Drain Opener • Hand Soap • Vinegar •…
The components of Alka Seltzer come together to form a pain reliever and antacid formulation. Aspirin is classified as a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug and has the function of a pain-killer, helping to reduce inflammation, fever and pain within the body by reducing the production of a substance called prostaglandins which are “hormone-like substances” (Drugs 2017) that regulate the inflammation and cause the bodies pains and headaches.(Merck Animal Health) The Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate (NaHCO3) and Citric acid on the other hand react together in the aqueous solution to form sodium citrate. The sodium citrate produced is able to neutralise the HCl produced in the stomach by exchanging the H+ in the solution with the Na+ forming citric acid, which is a weaker acid than hydrochloric acid. There is also an excess amount of Sodium Bicarbonate present with solution and the bicarbonate ions act as the main buffering agents neutralising any acid or alkali added producing water.…
In this experiment, identifying the acids, bases, or neutrality of the unknown substance in a specific set are used to find the actual substances. The following sets of substances could have been assigned: Set 1 - Silver nitrate (AgNO3), Manganese(II) nitrate (Mn(NO3)2), Barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2), Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH); Set 3 - Silver nitrate (AgNO3), Barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2), Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH); Set 4 - Silver nitrate (AgNO3), Lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Ammonia (NH3), Water (H2O). From the substances above Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the stronger acid, and Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and Lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2 are the weaker acids. If the substance is not an acid nor a base, the substance is neutral. In each set there were three neutral compounds, one acid, and one…
To emulate an acidic and basic environment, 0.1M hydrochloric acid and 0.1M sodium hydroxide were used. Two cotton balls saturated with each compound were placed on opposing sides…
When hydrochloric acid was added to the unknown and known solutions, both resulted in no reaction. This also occurred when potassium hydroxide was added to both of the solutions. Barium chloride was then added to the two solutions, which resulted in a cloudy white precipitate from both of the solutions. A cloudy white precipitate also formed when calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate were added to both the unknown and known solutions. These reactivity tests were conducted in order to establish how the unknown compound would react with acids, bases, and salts.…
Purpose Ibuprofen is one of the most common over-the-counter medications. It reduces pain and inflammation by limiting certain hormones. The drug is taken orally, usually in the form of a pill, and is absorbed into the bloodstream once it dissolves. Both human saliva and human stomach acid aid in dissolving the pill.…
Uric acid is a chemical compound that is created when your body breaks down substances known as purines. They are sent to your kidneys in your blood, and through a filtration process, are eliminated through your urine. However, in some cases, this material accumulates in immoderate quantities, whether your body produces too plenty of it or has trouble eliminating it.…
1. Identify and discuss potential factors related to the oral cavity that may impede the process of digestion of food. What dietary changes would facilitate food intake for those with oral cavity problems? A common problem that may impede this process is hyposalivation.…
In Part B of this experiment a few mishaps occurred: the pH paper was accidentally placed in the test tube in step ten, and more than the recommended water input was added to the test tube in step eleven. More water was added in step eleven because the solution was too cloudy. The results of Part B were interesting because it was expected that there could only be calcium or barium present in the solution, but both were confirmed present. A precipitate formed in both of the tubes that were needed to be used to confirm the presence of barium and calcium.…
The prediction for this experiment was: when the temperature hits 80 degrees Celsius, the catechol will be at its optimal absorbance. The alternate hypothesis tested for this following experiment was that there is a significant relationship between catechol and pH. In contrast, the null hypothesis states that there is no significant relationship between catechol and oxidase and pH. This hypothesis will be supported if the rate of catechol oxidase does not increase. The hypothesis was tested by observing the reaction time of catechol oxidase at four different…
It reacts with grease in the oven so that it can be washed away with water. Many soaps and detergents are bases, too (32).Neutralization reactions can also be useful. Farmers often need to treat their soil if it is too basic or acidic so that it has the right pH for their crops. For example, if the soil is too acidic, farmers would mix in calcium oxide, a base, to make the soil habitable for their plants. Neutralization reactions can also be used to treat insect stings.…