Neurodegenerative diseases are distinguished by progressive neuronal cell loss with clear patterns in disparate disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson and Huntington’s. They are responsible for around 4% of fatalities worldwide and 5% of disability-adjusted life years from a non-communicable disease (NCD). Neurodegenerative disorders are not only caused by genetics but protein misfolding disorders and protein degradation by the proteasome system.
These disorders continue to increase as well as the understanding of molecular pathogenesis and genetics ibecoming more common.
Half of a human cell consists of proteins (primary building blocks), all containing different structures which are determined by specific sequences of amino acids. These …show more content…
The main clinical features of AD include the following: Memory impairment. The autobiographical memory is affected; this impairs the ability to learn/retain and process new information. Language. As Alzheimer’s progresses language is affected commonly including difficulty in finding words. Apraxia. The inability to fulfill motor activities. Agnosia. Impaired ability to recognize objects such as people or places. Frontal executive function. Organizing and planning is impaired. Parietal presentation. Orientation and navigation become difficult as a result of visuospatial difficulties. Posterior cortical atrophy. Initial involvement of the occipital lobes and occipitoparietal regions causes visual disorientation. Diagnosis of AD can only be made by histopathology; diagnosis requires the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile paques. APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 are the three genes that are known to cause Alzheimer’s disease with high …show more content…
The cause of Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is not completely understood. They are many risk factors associated with PD: Age and gender. PD is more common in men and tends to begin over the age of 70. Environmental factors. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase of PD in rural areas due to pesticide exposure in water. MPTP is a chemical compound of potent mitochondrial toxin causing severe PD. Genetic factors. Early onset PD has shown to have a genetic component; this is several genetic loci for Mendelian inherited monogenic forms of
These disorders continue to increase as well as the understanding of molecular pathogenesis and genetics ibecoming more common.
Half of a human cell consists of proteins (primary building blocks), all containing different structures which are determined by specific sequences of amino acids. These …show more content…
The main clinical features of AD include the following: Memory impairment. The autobiographical memory is affected; this impairs the ability to learn/retain and process new information. Language. As Alzheimer’s progresses language is affected commonly including difficulty in finding words. Apraxia. The inability to fulfill motor activities. Agnosia. Impaired ability to recognize objects such as people or places. Frontal executive function. Organizing and planning is impaired. Parietal presentation. Orientation and navigation become difficult as a result of visuospatial difficulties. Posterior cortical atrophy. Initial involvement of the occipital lobes and occipitoparietal regions causes visual disorientation. Diagnosis of AD can only be made by histopathology; diagnosis requires the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile paques. APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 are the three genes that are known to cause Alzheimer’s disease with high …show more content…
The cause of Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is not completely understood. They are many risk factors associated with PD: Age and gender. PD is more common in men and tends to begin over the age of 70. Environmental factors. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase of PD in rural areas due to pesticide exposure in water. MPTP is a chemical compound of potent mitochondrial toxin causing severe PD. Genetic factors. Early onset PD has shown to have a genetic component; this is several genetic loci for Mendelian inherited monogenic forms of