NTD or neural tube defect is a congenital malformation resulting due to the failure of the neural tube to close during embryonic development. NTD is caused because of disturbance in the one carbon metabolism pathway. Deficiency of nutritional factors like folate, Vit B2,B6,B12 , involved in one carbon metabolism. Many loci on genes which have been associated with one Carbon metabolism has been identified and associated with risk on NTD. B vitamins and other dietary factors interact with one carbon metabolism influencing the development of NTD. For example alcohol and caffeine lower vitamin B6 and thereby disturbing vitamin B6 dependant one carbon metabolism pathway.
IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN B9 OR FOLIC ACID: Folate or vitamin B9 plays an important …show more content…
The study suggested that supplementation helped in lowering the risk of NTD affected pregnancy and this turned out to be the most persuasive evidence for protective evidence of folic acid against NTDs. The World Health Organisation basing their results on the case control study of Daly and Crsider et al , recommended a threshold value for maternal red blood cells folate concentrations of 906nmol/ml (or 400ng/ml) to prevent NTD. Genes associated with the risk of NTDs are involved in the folate dependant one carbon metabolism. MTHFR genes is considered to be risk factor for NTD. The gene instructs the body to make enzymes necessary to convert folate to usable form. MTHFR gene provides instructions for making an enzyme methyltetrahydrofolate reductase mutation of which is a genetic cause for the familial recurrent NTDs .MTHFR genetic mutation 677C→T especially for a patient homozygous …show more content…
During contraception, high supplementation of folic acid for mother had detrimental effect on the psychomotor development of children. This risk of infant clefts can be reduced by preconceptional supplementation 10mo/day (Tolarova et-al). Similarly higher intake of vitamin B6 was associated with increased risk factor of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia. 1 gm increase in preconceptional vitamin B6 intake reduced the risk. Vitamin B2 and B12 supplementation has not been associated with any adverse effects yet .Choline and Betaine also been associated NTD. As per reports of an observational study preconceptional dietary intake of Choline and Betaine had negative association with the risk foetal NTD, independent of folate in Americans. There is a need for further studies to demonstrate whether a biodiverse diet with supplementation of multivitamin B combined with choline and betaine is effective against NTDs that folic acid
IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN B9 OR FOLIC ACID: Folate or vitamin B9 plays an important …show more content…
The study suggested that supplementation helped in lowering the risk of NTD affected pregnancy and this turned out to be the most persuasive evidence for protective evidence of folic acid against NTDs. The World Health Organisation basing their results on the case control study of Daly and Crsider et al , recommended a threshold value for maternal red blood cells folate concentrations of 906nmol/ml (or 400ng/ml) to prevent NTD. Genes associated with the risk of NTDs are involved in the folate dependant one carbon metabolism. MTHFR genes is considered to be risk factor for NTD. The gene instructs the body to make enzymes necessary to convert folate to usable form. MTHFR gene provides instructions for making an enzyme methyltetrahydrofolate reductase mutation of which is a genetic cause for the familial recurrent NTDs .MTHFR genetic mutation 677C→T especially for a patient homozygous …show more content…
During contraception, high supplementation of folic acid for mother had detrimental effect on the psychomotor development of children. This risk of infant clefts can be reduced by preconceptional supplementation 10mo/day (Tolarova et-al). Similarly higher intake of vitamin B6 was associated with increased risk factor of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia. 1 gm increase in preconceptional vitamin B6 intake reduced the risk. Vitamin B2 and B12 supplementation has not been associated with any adverse effects yet .Choline and Betaine also been associated NTD. As per reports of an observational study preconceptional dietary intake of Choline and Betaine had negative association with the risk foetal NTD, independent of folate in Americans. There is a need for further studies to demonstrate whether a biodiverse diet with supplementation of multivitamin B combined with choline and betaine is effective against NTDs that folic acid