Purnomo (2009) stated the movement from rural to urban areas will indirectly result in the process of development and urbanization. The world is experiencing continuous urbanization when people migrate to cities to seek for a good job, educational opportunities and a better standard of living (UNFPA, 1999). Migration may cause economic, social and cultural improvements for some people but also it can contribute to negative consequences in the overall urban environment especially a very low standard of living when there is a presence of a very large number of poor migrants. This is because the advantages in the urban areas sometimes fail to deals with the majority of the poor migrants. Besides, after arriving at the city, most of the migrants'
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Thus, in that circumstance, urban slums have become a common destination for rural to urban migrants.The overall physical environment in an urban area is determined by some specific facilities such as housing, sanitation, sewerage, drainage, drinking water supply, gas supply, electricity, garbage disposal and waste management. According to Hosni (2006), due to a rapid growth of urban population in the city, these services are extremely unsatisfactory and of poor quality and resulted in the limitation of resources. There is a congestion in public transport, problems with water supply, gas and electricity. These problems along with inefficient urban management also have resulted in high level of poverty, air, water, noise pollution, social vulnerability and increase the crimes rates in the urban …show more content…
Garbage is normally discarded at the open areas, along the road corner, unused lands, or throws into nearest water drainage. Moreover, only a little proportion of the slum population manages to get solid waste management services (Jahan, 2012). Consequently, the household waste and human wastes go into the low lying lands, open spaces or water drainage of the city and result in a number of environmental and health problems. The occurrence of urban poverty subsequent to rapid urban growth is shown by the large proportion of slum dwellers who live below the poverty line. Apart from that, most of the migrants usually will involve themselves in the informal sector activities when they do not receive any helps once they arrive in the urban areas. Some of them even being exploited to cheap labour and paid less for their working services. Nasir and Pervin (1997) states the migrants in many cases involve in illegal incomes or earnings for living such as smuggling, robbery, drug trafficking, begging, women trafficking, prostitution and others. The criminals and anti-social activities are usually occurring particularly within slums. Meanwhile, quarrel, conflict in the slums and squatter settlements is a regular phenomenon that distracts the nearby city residents. These problems are threatening the social environment in the city. Hence, the third and fourth hypotheses are
Thus, in that circumstance, urban slums have become a common destination for rural to urban migrants.The overall physical environment in an urban area is determined by some specific facilities such as housing, sanitation, sewerage, drainage, drinking water supply, gas supply, electricity, garbage disposal and waste management. According to Hosni (2006), due to a rapid growth of urban population in the city, these services are extremely unsatisfactory and of poor quality and resulted in the limitation of resources. There is a congestion in public transport, problems with water supply, gas and electricity. These problems along with inefficient urban management also have resulted in high level of poverty, air, water, noise pollution, social vulnerability and increase the crimes rates in the urban …show more content…
Garbage is normally discarded at the open areas, along the road corner, unused lands, or throws into nearest water drainage. Moreover, only a little proportion of the slum population manages to get solid waste management services (Jahan, 2012). Consequently, the household waste and human wastes go into the low lying lands, open spaces or water drainage of the city and result in a number of environmental and health problems. The occurrence of urban poverty subsequent to rapid urban growth is shown by the large proportion of slum dwellers who live below the poverty line. Apart from that, most of the migrants usually will involve themselves in the informal sector activities when they do not receive any helps once they arrive in the urban areas. Some of them even being exploited to cheap labour and paid less for their working services. Nasir and Pervin (1997) states the migrants in many cases involve in illegal incomes or earnings for living such as smuggling, robbery, drug trafficking, begging, women trafficking, prostitution and others. The criminals and anti-social activities are usually occurring particularly within slums. Meanwhile, quarrel, conflict in the slums and squatter settlements is a regular phenomenon that distracts the nearby city residents. These problems are threatening the social environment in the city. Hence, the third and fourth hypotheses are