Introduction Head butting a soccer ball may cause injuries. Cervical spinal injuries are usually categorized as a head and neck injury and their incidence varies from 4 to 22% (Kartal, Yiliran, Senkoylu,& Korkusuz 2004). Severe muscle spasms, spinal cord injuries, herniation of the disc and fracture dislocation are listed as acute injuries to the cervical spine in soccer (Kartal et al., 2004). Kartal et al. (2004) hypothesized that recurrent trauma from head butting a soccer ball may case degeneration at the cervical spine. Kartal et al. (2004) performed a study on dynamic radiological and magnetic resonance (MR) findings. The overall MR finding in the spinal column and cord were more severe in soccer player than in their age-matched control.
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The muscle stiffening may adsorb the kinetic energy of the ball, minimizing the acceleration that the head experiences by increasing the relative mass of the player and extending the time of contact with the ball. Neck musculature may also play a role in damping the flexion/ extension oscillation that the head experiences during and after the act of heading (Dezman, et al., 2013). 1 Damping is an effect that tends to reduce the amplitude of oscillation in an oscillatory system. In this case, neck muscle acts as a viscoelastic mechanism producing an effective shock absorber. The splenius cervicis muscle is the muscle that is attached in the back of the neck to the lower jaw, found beneath the upper trapezius. It arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae. It’s inserted by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the upper row or third cervical vertebrae. The splenius is a powerful muscle that helps with hyper-extend the head and neck/ flexes and rotates the head to the same side. It’s also one of the most complex inter relationships of muscle groups in the human body.(((ref)))). 2 Levator scapulae muscle is located at the side and back of the neck, it’s a primary function is to lift the scapula. Levator muscle …show more content…
Children’s biomechanics are increasing whether it is in strength, size of the muscle to support children’s head and neck but also the children understand how to move properly. As the child increases in age their biomechanics improve as they develop their own movements with certain activities or sports. The best example is when teens go through puberty. Their body changes drastically, as their muscles in their neck become stronger. The neck helps the dispersion of force exerted in the head during a head-butt. Head and cervical neck injuries very common but there are ways to prevent injuries and decrees the force of the soccer ball while head-butting. Symmetrical strength in neck flexors and extensors may reduce head acceleration collegiate players at low ball velocity. 4 Achieving and maintaining a balance in the neck strength may be a key prevention technique in limiting acceleration, hence limiting the potential risk of repetitive head in soccer. The neck strength assessment could be used for pre participation screening of soccer player to identify those most at risk and strengthen regimens employed during preseason conditioning to lower the risk of injuries during soccer participation (Dezman et al., 2013). 5 Therefore it can be concluded that because the mass of the ball is fixed the greater the body mass of the player the greater
The muscle stiffening may adsorb the kinetic energy of the ball, minimizing the acceleration that the head experiences by increasing the relative mass of the player and extending the time of contact with the ball. Neck musculature may also play a role in damping the flexion/ extension oscillation that the head experiences during and after the act of heading (Dezman, et al., 2013). 1 Damping is an effect that tends to reduce the amplitude of oscillation in an oscillatory system. In this case, neck muscle acts as a viscoelastic mechanism producing an effective shock absorber. The splenius cervicis muscle is the muscle that is attached in the back of the neck to the lower jaw, found beneath the upper trapezius. It arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae. It’s inserted by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the upper row or third cervical vertebrae. The splenius is a powerful muscle that helps with hyper-extend the head and neck/ flexes and rotates the head to the same side. It’s also one of the most complex inter relationships of muscle groups in the human body.(((ref)))). 2 Levator scapulae muscle is located at the side and back of the neck, it’s a primary function is to lift the scapula. Levator muscle …show more content…
Children’s biomechanics are increasing whether it is in strength, size of the muscle to support children’s head and neck but also the children understand how to move properly. As the child increases in age their biomechanics improve as they develop their own movements with certain activities or sports. The best example is when teens go through puberty. Their body changes drastically, as their muscles in their neck become stronger. The neck helps the dispersion of force exerted in the head during a head-butt. Head and cervical neck injuries very common but there are ways to prevent injuries and decrees the force of the soccer ball while head-butting. Symmetrical strength in neck flexors and extensors may reduce head acceleration collegiate players at low ball velocity. 4 Achieving and maintaining a balance in the neck strength may be a key prevention technique in limiting acceleration, hence limiting the potential risk of repetitive head in soccer. The neck strength assessment could be used for pre participation screening of soccer player to identify those most at risk and strengthen regimens employed during preseason conditioning to lower the risk of injuries during soccer participation (Dezman et al., 2013). 5 Therefore it can be concluded that because the mass of the ball is fixed the greater the body mass of the player the greater