Introduction
Throughout the evolution of the nursing profession, there have been numerous theories published in order to help guide the practice, education, and research of nurses. Each theory has its own unique perspective, but four concepts, known as the metaparadigm, have emerged as the building blocks of nursing theory. Hildegard Peplau began developing her Theory of Interpersonal Relations in the early 1940s and published her completed works in 1952, making her the first published theorist since Florence Nightingale. Peplau received her diploma in nursing from Pottstown Hospital in 1931. She went on to receive her Bachelor’s degree in interpersonal psychology in 1943, followed by a Master’s degree in psychiatric nursing in 1947 (Callaway, …show more content…
The beginning of the relationship is termed the orientation phase. In this phase, the nurse guides the relationship as she engages the patient in treatment options, provides teaching and explanations, and answers questions. The two become acquainted and the tone of the relationship is set. The identification phase begins as the patient begins to work together with the nurse to identify problems and express feelings. The third phase is termed the exploitation phase. The client begins to take full advantages of the services the nurse is offering. The nurse and patient work together to reach the client's full potential and achieve the goals set for the relationship. Finally, in the resolution phase, goals have been met and the relationship is summarized. The relationship is then terminated, as the patient no longer requires nursing services (Peplau, …show more content…
These roles defined in this sub-portion of Peplau's theory include: stranger, resource, teacher, leader, surrogate, and counselor. The nurse as a stranger offers the patient the same acceptance that she would extend to any stranger she met on the street. As a resource person, the nurse provides the patient with answers to any questions and clarifies things within her scope of practice that the patient may not understand. As a teacher, the nurse assists the client with learning formally and informally. The nurse may educate on things such as diet restrictions, medication self-administration techniques, range of motion exercises, incentive spirometer use, and numerous other concepts. As a leader, the nurse guides the client and offers direction to the patient as well as family members. The nurse as a surrogate serves as a substitute for parents or siblings. Finally, the nurse acts as a counselor by encouraging things such as expression of feelings that may lead to a quicker recovery. Peplau also states that the nurse can take on roles such as consultant, tutor, safety agent, mediator, administrator, observer, and researcher. These particular roles were not specifically defined, rather they were "left to the intelligence and imagination of the readers" (Peplau,
Throughout the evolution of the nursing profession, there have been numerous theories published in order to help guide the practice, education, and research of nurses. Each theory has its own unique perspective, but four concepts, known as the metaparadigm, have emerged as the building blocks of nursing theory. Hildegard Peplau began developing her Theory of Interpersonal Relations in the early 1940s and published her completed works in 1952, making her the first published theorist since Florence Nightingale. Peplau received her diploma in nursing from Pottstown Hospital in 1931. She went on to receive her Bachelor’s degree in interpersonal psychology in 1943, followed by a Master’s degree in psychiatric nursing in 1947 (Callaway, …show more content…
The beginning of the relationship is termed the orientation phase. In this phase, the nurse guides the relationship as she engages the patient in treatment options, provides teaching and explanations, and answers questions. The two become acquainted and the tone of the relationship is set. The identification phase begins as the patient begins to work together with the nurse to identify problems and express feelings. The third phase is termed the exploitation phase. The client begins to take full advantages of the services the nurse is offering. The nurse and patient work together to reach the client's full potential and achieve the goals set for the relationship. Finally, in the resolution phase, goals have been met and the relationship is summarized. The relationship is then terminated, as the patient no longer requires nursing services (Peplau, …show more content…
These roles defined in this sub-portion of Peplau's theory include: stranger, resource, teacher, leader, surrogate, and counselor. The nurse as a stranger offers the patient the same acceptance that she would extend to any stranger she met on the street. As a resource person, the nurse provides the patient with answers to any questions and clarifies things within her scope of practice that the patient may not understand. As a teacher, the nurse assists the client with learning formally and informally. The nurse may educate on things such as diet restrictions, medication self-administration techniques, range of motion exercises, incentive spirometer use, and numerous other concepts. As a leader, the nurse guides the client and offers direction to the patient as well as family members. The nurse as a surrogate serves as a substitute for parents or siblings. Finally, the nurse acts as a counselor by encouraging things such as expression of feelings that may lead to a quicker recovery. Peplau also states that the nurse can take on roles such as consultant, tutor, safety agent, mediator, administrator, observer, and researcher. These particular roles were not specifically defined, rather they were "left to the intelligence and imagination of the readers" (Peplau,