In the case of minority (infancy) is less the penalty because minors (those under the age of 18, in most states) lack the capacity to make a contract. According to the textbook (chapter 14, pg 173), most minority states might be terminated by a minor’s emancipation, which happened when a minority person’s parent or legal guardian relinquishes the legal right to exercise control over the their own child who is under the age of 18.
In the case of mental impairment (incompetence) is also less the penalty and can void, or have a guardian void, most contracts. The law has people near the parson certify their mental capacities (abilities) and psychologist estimate them. According to the textbook (chapter 14, pg 276), “on determining