The McCulloch v Maryland case, presided over by John Marshall, dealt with the legality of the State of Maryland’s decision to place taxes on bank notes chartered from outside of the area. The issue was brought to the national level after James McCulloch, leader of the Second National Bank of the United States within Baltimore, refused to pay the imposed fee. The Supreme Court ultimately sided in his favor, citing the fact that the state had ratified the Constitution and then, the Necessary and Proper Clause. Likewise, Congress possesses powers that are not specifically defined within the supreme law of the land, therefore it is up to the discretion of the Judicial Branch to decide whether or not the intent is reasonable. In this case, they
