The intended audience was Phelipe himself so he could offer a rebuttal following the testimonies from
The intended audience was Phelipe himself so he could offer a rebuttal following the testimonies from
This primary source document is a newspaper advertisement about the 1741 conspiracy trial. Its main purpose was simply to advertise Mary Burton’s accusations and to announce the award money in return for finding the conspirators. The intended audience was anyone who read the newspaper and who were “interested” in the looking for the conspirators (and the money, of course). I thought this was pretty trustworthy source, but I am aware that the information came from an UNtrustworthy person, Mary Burton. The excerpt stated that one of the people Mary accused was none other than her master.…
After a saloon brawl between Joseph Hurtado (petitioner) and Jose Estudaro, that resulted in Joseph Hurtado being arrested and then released. The trial was postponed due to the fact that Hurtado`s attorney failed to attend the trial. After release, Hurtado met Estudaro at a local bar and shot Estudaro three times. This resulted in arrest, subsequent trial, conviction, and sentence to death of Hurtado. The 5th Amendment requires a trial by a grand jury when someone is accused of a crime Hurtado was.…
Galileo: Science, Scripture, and Truth Among the academics that fostered growth in developing European society and scholasticism, Galileo Galilei holds a hierarchy attributable to the highly dynamic time period that his life spanned, as well as an unmatchable intellect that fostered vital observations in the sixteenth century. Often defamed for his religiously controversial discoveries and scientific ideals, Galileo repeatedly rose to contest institutions, like the Catholic church and its adherents, in order to cornerstone the secularization of European science and philosophy. Evident in his “Letter to Castelli” and “Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina,” Galileo asserts that there is no use for Catholic scripture in the pursuit of science and reason, though he still gives ample merit to a better-suited purpose of purifying and saving souls. These letters demonstrate a deep opposition to putting faith-based and logically unsound Catholic opinion above calculated and certified scientific fact, which would obliterate any truth to the goal of understanding the physical world.…
The fundamental objective affiliated with Isabelle Huellant-Donant’s article “Martyrdom and Identity in the Franciscan Order (Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries)” is an attempt to analyze, utilizing documentation pertaining to the Franciscan Order and Papal legislation, the mendicant order’s perception of martyrdom, specifically in regards to the application of martyrdom directed towards the constituents of the Franciscan Order . The article also assesses the correlated development of institutionalized regulations imposed upon proselytizers associated with the Order of Friars Minor as a ramification of martyrdom’s contemporary perception and the intrinsic structure of the Order of Friars Minor. Reiterated frequently throughout the document…
The church's internal conflict led to public mistrust in religious authority (51-53). Expanding on Bisson's observations, this paper will describe the development of religious doubt in Medieval Europe and note how it characterizes the literature of the period.…
[Antonio goes back and forth between expecting God to do things and questioning Him and Catholicism. His thoughts and emotions conflict between what he has known and what he has been told versus what he has seen. He now has proof of a religion that before he would consider untrue and he is unsure on how to react to…
Sanchez’s trial takes place during a seven-year period, from 1553 – 1660, with his original vision of the Virgin Mary appearing three years before his trial begins in 1550. However, Mad for God does not only take place within this decade; Chapter 4 “Lessons Learned at Home” explains in great detail the time period that Sanchez grew up during and the issues that the citizens of Cardenete faced. This chapter, while seemingly misplaced, allows for better understanding of Sanchez’s thought process, his religious theories, and the environment that he lived in – one centered around religion and the beliefs of the Holy Catholic…
In a Catholic institution, theology acts as a department for finding truths within human comprehension; these truths are found based on God’s “self-revelation [and] ‘understanding’ what God has revealed” as opposed to just Scripture since not all of the ancient texts are universally accepted and had to go through intense examination if they are (Cavadini…
In the village of Valverde de Lucerna, there is a priest that is deceiving his congregation by making them think he is a Christian and that he believes in the resurrection of the immortal soul. The only two people in the village that knows his secret is his step-daughter Angelita and his step-son Lazarus. According to Howard Mancing “He has lived a lie all his adult life, sacrificing like a martyr, his own true belief for the sake of his innocent and ignorant parishioners” (Mancing). The priest San Manuel Bueno lives a lie his whole adult life because he becomes a priest in a village, but he doesn’t even believe in Christianity and is sacrificing his own religion. According to Angelita, San Manuel Bueno religion is “mine consists in consoling myself by consoling others, even though consolation” (Unamuno).…
Luther 's words conveyed intending to those agony from outlandish social and financial circumstances amid that time. Be that as it may, focuses inside of the focal forces of Europe keep on developing. Luther the pioneer of the Germany Reform, for a long time contended that a few individuals from ministry were offering exonerations of sins, not advising the general population they must be genuinely repentant of their transgressions. In any case, he at first permitted self-discipline for his wrongdoings, Luther at last settled on two holy observances: Holy Communion and Baptism. At this point Luther had turned out to be more vociferous judgmental of the force of the Roman Catholic Church, likewise making reference to the way that the Pope was in fact the antichrist.…
This document addressed the abuse of indulgences and did not directly attack the Church or the Pope. He was excommunicated after some time, but he did not stop fighting the Church (HIST…
According to the twenty-eighth thesis, “it is certain that when moneyclinks in the money chest, greed and avarice can be increased; but when the Church intercedes,the result is in the hands of God alone” (Wilson 373).Luther was exposing those in the CatholicChurch who told untruths about religious and moral matters to boost their own authority andsqueeze extensive amounts of money out of the rich and the poor. These greed propelled actswould not be forgiven through indulgences, but would be answered for when these corrupt andpowerful members of the Catholic Church faced God himself. This extortion meant that only therich could afford to pay these massive amounts regarding religious matters, while the poor couldbuy them, but would suffer great loss to the comfort and happiness of their families. “Then theyhad to watch the proceeds from the practice build the most extravagant, even profligate ofprojects in Rome” (Sayre 264). One of these extravagant projects included the Basilica of St.Peter under Pope Leo X, which was rebuilt with indulgence monies collected by the Church.…
After he was done with jeremiah he concluded with his presentation and sat down. By the judges gesture, i knew it was my turn. I stood up and went to the center of the room. Everyone’s eyes were on me. Everyone’s but polyphemus’ since he didn’t have one.…
The “Ninety-Five Theses” had asked questions and brought up points of contention that many had wanted to ask, but few had dared to. Luther was the voice for a growing discontent within the Catholic…
This essay will focus on the above epigraph from “On the abolition of images and that there should be no beggars among Christians” pamphlet, published in 1522, Lindberg, C. (ed.) (2000) The European Reformations Sourcebook, Oxford, Blackwell, P, 57 by Reformation reformer Andreas Karlstadt (1483-1546). The epigraph will be used as a springboard, which will discuss the theme of authority during this period, and how religion was challenged during the Protestant Reformation in Germany. The significance of the quote will be examined by exploring the background in which it was written.…