Laparoscopy, also called minimally invasive surgery (MIS), band aid surgery, keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique designed for the visual inspection of peritoneal cavity, biopsy of its organs and various operative procedures in the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Though laparoscopy was first performed in dogs in the early 1900s by Dr. Georg Kelling, the first successful laparoscopic surgery in humans was cholecystectomy in 1987 (1). During last two decades the laparoscopy has been increasingly used for diagnostic, as well as, many surgical procedures in veterinary patients.
Laparoscopic surgery requires creation of pneumoperitoneum to provide surgical field, allowing visibility and performance of surgical maneuvers (2). Although …show more content…
Care in selection of an agent for safe anaesthetic management is essential, since it always constitutes a threat to the life of the patient (5). This becomes still more important during laparoscopic surgery due to the added cardiopulmonary effects of pneumoperitoneum.
Different anaesthetic combinations have been used considering their efficiency and non-toxic effects, yet no systematic research has been carried out to evaluate the safety of using different anaesthetic drugs during laparoscopy in animals. Thus keeping the above facts in view the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the atropine, xylazine and ketamine anaesthetic protocol with that of atropine, acepromazine and ketamine in dogs undergoing laparoscopic vasectomy following CO2 …show more content…
On the day of surgery, the physiological, haemato biochemical and ECG were recorded. Animals of group A were premedicated with atropine sulfate @ 0.04 mg/kg BW IM. Twenty min later, xylazine hydrochloride was injected @ 2 mg/kg BW IM, which was followed by after five min ketamine hydrochloride @ 10 mg/kg BW IM. Animals of group B were administered acepromazine maleate @ 0.1 mg/kg BW IM twenty min after premedication with atropine. Ketamine was administered thirty min after acepromazine. The route of administration and doses of atropine and ketamine were same as in group A.
2.1. Laparoscopy and Vasectomy
The laparoscopy was performed using standard procedure (4). The intra-peritoneal organs along with the vas deferens were examined visually. The vas deferens was identified by its characteristic ivory-coloured cord-like structure emerging from the internal inguinal ring and passing deep towards the neck of urinary bladder. A 60 watt monopolar current was used for cauterization and 150 watt current for cutting. A piece of 2-3 cm vas deferens was resected.
The following parameters were recorded/ estimated at 0 min before administration of any drug, 10 min after administration of ketamine, 30 min after insufflation of abdominal cavity, and 60 min after desufflation in both the
Laparoscopic surgery requires creation of pneumoperitoneum to provide surgical field, allowing visibility and performance of surgical maneuvers (2). Although …show more content…
Care in selection of an agent for safe anaesthetic management is essential, since it always constitutes a threat to the life of the patient (5). This becomes still more important during laparoscopic surgery due to the added cardiopulmonary effects of pneumoperitoneum.
Different anaesthetic combinations have been used considering their efficiency and non-toxic effects, yet no systematic research has been carried out to evaluate the safety of using different anaesthetic drugs during laparoscopy in animals. Thus keeping the above facts in view the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the atropine, xylazine and ketamine anaesthetic protocol with that of atropine, acepromazine and ketamine in dogs undergoing laparoscopic vasectomy following CO2 …show more content…
On the day of surgery, the physiological, haemato biochemical and ECG were recorded. Animals of group A were premedicated with atropine sulfate @ 0.04 mg/kg BW IM. Twenty min later, xylazine hydrochloride was injected @ 2 mg/kg BW IM, which was followed by after five min ketamine hydrochloride @ 10 mg/kg BW IM. Animals of group B were administered acepromazine maleate @ 0.1 mg/kg BW IM twenty min after premedication with atropine. Ketamine was administered thirty min after acepromazine. The route of administration and doses of atropine and ketamine were same as in group A.
2.1. Laparoscopy and Vasectomy
The laparoscopy was performed using standard procedure (4). The intra-peritoneal organs along with the vas deferens were examined visually. The vas deferens was identified by its characteristic ivory-coloured cord-like structure emerging from the internal inguinal ring and passing deep towards the neck of urinary bladder. A 60 watt monopolar current was used for cauterization and 150 watt current for cutting. A piece of 2-3 cm vas deferens was resected.
The following parameters were recorded/ estimated at 0 min before administration of any drug, 10 min after administration of ketamine, 30 min after insufflation of abdominal cavity, and 60 min after desufflation in both the