Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits analgesic activity in animal models. The mechanism of action of Ketorolac, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but may be related to prostaglandin synthetase inhibition. The biological activity of Ketorolac tromethamine is associated with the S-form. Ketorolac tromethamine possesses no sedative or anxiolytic properties. The peak analgesic effect of Ketorolac tromethamine occurs within 2 to 3 hours.
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to this drug. Furthermore, this drug is contraindicated in patients with active peptic ulcer disease, in patients with recent gastrointestinal bleeding or …show more content…
(1999) and Fisher & Bowey (1997). Intradermal skin tests are more labor-intensive and require more precise techniques. These tests have occasionally been associated with serious systemic allergic reactions and even death from anaphylaxis [Riezzo, et al., 2010; Lockey, et al., 1987; cited by Heinzerling, et al., 2010)]. In clinical practice, SPT tests should always be performed first since a positive test circumvents the necessity for intradermal skin testing. Extracts utilized for intradermal skin testing are less concentrated (1:10–1:1000; 0.00001 μg/ml up to 1 μg/ml [Wood, et al., 1999; Fisher & Bowey, 1997)] than those utilized for SPT and should be free of glycerine, in order to avoid false positive reactions. In the diagnosis of pollen allergy, several studies indicate that positive intradermal skin tests do not necessarily correlate with clinical symptoms [Tschopp, et al, 1998; Wood, et al., 1999] whereas there is a very good correlation between SPT results and clinical allergy symptoms [Dreborg, 1989]. Thus, for the most part, SPT is preferable to intradermal testing, the latter being primarily used for Hymenoptera venom sensitivity, sensitization to medications, and where an allergen …show more content…
The study was a prospective, non-randomized design. Intradermal testing was conducted using a previously described method and diluted drugs, and prick testing using undiluted drugs (with the exception of opioid analgesics which were diluted 1:10). Tests were performed on individual patient’s forearms on the same occasion. Which test detected the drug responsible was dependent on the diagnostic criteria for positivity. The differences between the intradermal test and prick test were not statistically significant. Using both tests improved predictability by 67% (tau=0.67, p<0.001). Fisher and Bowey (1997) concluded that in the absence of data to support one test being superior, other factors influence the choice of test. Intradermal testing may be easier for the infrequent user. Skin testing is valuable in the investigation of anaesthetic anaphylaxis whichever test is chosen. When there is doubt both tests should be
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to this drug. Furthermore, this drug is contraindicated in patients with active peptic ulcer disease, in patients with recent gastrointestinal bleeding or …show more content…
(1999) and Fisher & Bowey (1997). Intradermal skin tests are more labor-intensive and require more precise techniques. These tests have occasionally been associated with serious systemic allergic reactions and even death from anaphylaxis [Riezzo, et al., 2010; Lockey, et al., 1987; cited by Heinzerling, et al., 2010)]. In clinical practice, SPT tests should always be performed first since a positive test circumvents the necessity for intradermal skin testing. Extracts utilized for intradermal skin testing are less concentrated (1:10–1:1000; 0.00001 μg/ml up to 1 μg/ml [Wood, et al., 1999; Fisher & Bowey, 1997)] than those utilized for SPT and should be free of glycerine, in order to avoid false positive reactions. In the diagnosis of pollen allergy, several studies indicate that positive intradermal skin tests do not necessarily correlate with clinical symptoms [Tschopp, et al, 1998; Wood, et al., 1999] whereas there is a very good correlation between SPT results and clinical allergy symptoms [Dreborg, 1989]. Thus, for the most part, SPT is preferable to intradermal testing, the latter being primarily used for Hymenoptera venom sensitivity, sensitization to medications, and where an allergen …show more content…
The study was a prospective, non-randomized design. Intradermal testing was conducted using a previously described method and diluted drugs, and prick testing using undiluted drugs (with the exception of opioid analgesics which were diluted 1:10). Tests were performed on individual patient’s forearms on the same occasion. Which test detected the drug responsible was dependent on the diagnostic criteria for positivity. The differences between the intradermal test and prick test were not statistically significant. Using both tests improved predictability by 67% (tau=0.67, p<0.001). Fisher and Bowey (1997) concluded that in the absence of data to support one test being superior, other factors influence the choice of test. Intradermal testing may be easier for the infrequent user. Skin testing is valuable in the investigation of anaesthetic anaphylaxis whichever test is chosen. When there is doubt both tests should be