In vision, networks of neurons in each level of the brain remove accessory information from input. At the highest level of the brain, the part that is the furthest away from sensory organs, different visualizations activate the same cluster of neurons specifically representing a single image—much like how the brain interprets both a sofa and stool as a chair. Vocalizations are processed in the same invariant representation. Invariant representation permits the ability to discriminate between certain vocalization and speech patterns despite temporal and speaker variability. Although the pronunciation of a word differs, whether it is by pitch, speed, or stress, the brain can still comprehend the word. Contrary to neurons in the primary auditory
