University of Phoenix Material
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL THINKING
Directions: Complete the following questions. The most important part of statistics is the thought process, so make sure that you explain your answers, but be careful with statistics. The following statistics/probability problems may intrigue you and you may be surprised. The answers are not always as you might think. Please answer them as well as you can by using common logic.
1. There are 23 people at a party. Explain what the probability is that any two of them share the same birthday.
In probability theory, the birthday paradox concerns the probability that, in a set of randomly chosen people, some pair of them will have the same birthday. By the pigeonhole principle, …show more content…
If we combine the studies medication A had 306 successes out of 400. B had 317 successes out of 400. So if we want to decide which had a better "overall" success rate it would be B. This is an example of what is called in statistics "Simpson's Paradox."
3. The United States employed a statistician to examine damaged planes returning from bombing missions over Germany in World War II. He found that the number of returned planes that had damage to the fuselage was far greater than those that had damage to the engines. His recommendation was to enhance the reinforcement of the engines rather than the fuselages. If damage to the fuselage was far more common, explain why he made this recommendation.
Although the fuselage had the greater amount of damaged planes, the engine is what keeps the planes running. Trying to have 100% of planes with no engine damage would be ideal because without engines the plane cannot
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL THINKING
Directions: Complete the following questions. The most important part of statistics is the thought process, so make sure that you explain your answers, but be careful with statistics. The following statistics/probability problems may intrigue you and you may be surprised. The answers are not always as you might think. Please answer them as well as you can by using common logic.
1. There are 23 people at a party. Explain what the probability is that any two of them share the same birthday.
In probability theory, the birthday paradox concerns the probability that, in a set of randomly chosen people, some pair of them will have the same birthday. By the pigeonhole principle, …show more content…
If we combine the studies medication A had 306 successes out of 400. B had 317 successes out of 400. So if we want to decide which had a better "overall" success rate it would be B. This is an example of what is called in statistics "Simpson's Paradox."
3. The United States employed a statistician to examine damaged planes returning from bombing missions over Germany in World War II. He found that the number of returned planes that had damage to the fuselage was far greater than those that had damage to the engines. His recommendation was to enhance the reinforcement of the engines rather than the fuselages. If damage to the fuselage was far more common, explain why he made this recommendation.
Although the fuselage had the greater amount of damaged planes, the engine is what keeps the planes running. Trying to have 100% of planes with no engine damage would be ideal because without engines the plane cannot