In the 18th century heyday of absolute monarchy, the Emperor had no such pretensions. He (it was required to be a he) sat at the apex of a system of local, regional and empire-wide legislative, judicial and diplomatic structures. The Holy Roman Empire, during its final two centuries, starting with the Thirty Years ' War (1618-1648) (the primary focus of this review) was roughly contiguous with today 's Germany, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Belgium and northem Italy. Modern maps of the Empire portray a chaotic congeries of over 300 entities awaiting the destiny of History to turn them into a proper German nation-state, but the reality was something closer to a federal s Starting in the Middle Ages, each territory (some quite smal) evolved its own political arrangements: a variety of princely episcopal and merchant controlled states. Most of the states participated in regional assemblies of states called Kreis, analogous to how U.S. states are represented in the Senate. Within the states, even the quasi- monarchial ones, diets generally held the taxing power.
In the 18th century heyday of absolute monarchy, the Emperor had no such pretensions. He (it was required to be a he) sat at the apex of a system of local, regional and empire-wide legislative, judicial and diplomatic structures. The Holy Roman Empire, during its final two centuries, starting with the Thirty Years ' War (1618-1648) (the primary focus of this review) was roughly contiguous with today 's Germany, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Belgium and northem Italy. Modern maps of the Empire portray a chaotic congeries of over 300 entities awaiting the destiny of History to turn them into a proper German nation-state, but the reality was something closer to a federal s Starting in the Middle Ages, each territory (some quite smal) evolved its own political arrangements: a variety of princely episcopal and merchant controlled states. Most of the states participated in regional assemblies of states called Kreis, analogous to how U.S. states are represented in the Senate. Within the states, even the quasi- monarchial ones, diets generally held the taxing power.