Hippocampal Formation

Improved Essays
Reaction to Milner paper This review paper asks the question: to what degree can molecular biology and cognitive neuroscience be united. The articles review the memory systems and findings over the years. Remarkable advances have been made in both molecular problem of memory and systems problem of memory over the years. Although we have a good amount of knowledge about the switch from short term to long term memory on a molecular level, we don't know a great deal about the downstream genes and proteins. Likewise, we are also facing some challenges in the systemic level – we still don't know much about the medial temporal lobe system.
I think this paper successfully reviewed advances over the years and raised some interesting questions and ideas based on findings from previous studies. The authors appear to make sensible arguments. For example, the articles stated that various regions of the hippocampus might
…show more content…
The reason for the hippocampal formation was clearly stated and was based on empirical research. This experiment gives us more information about the role of hippocampal formation. However, the author’s conclusion could be improved. The conclusion was based on whether the monkeys were still able to discriminate between objects that they have learned prior to the hippocampal formation removal. So this experiment shows us hippocampal formation is involved in temporary memory storage of objects and that its not involved in permanent memory of objects. However, should we conclude hippocampal formation is not involved in permanent memory at all? It might still have a role in permanent memory of other information – information other than objects. Therefore, future studies should develop a different task to study hippocampal formation further. For example, a task that tests spatial memory can be developed to see whether hippocampal formation has a role in remembering spatial memory learned long

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    When I read what happens when your hippocampus is damaged, my mind went to a movie I just watch. In 50 first dates Drew Barrymore plays a woman who can’t form new memories because she was in a crash in which she received a head injury. We can assume from the movie that she has injured her hippocampus. Since her hippocampus was damage it cause her to have ametrograde amnesia which means she can no longer make new long term memories since the crash. This is occurring because the switching station that is controlled by the hippocampus can’t make her new short term memories into long term memories.…

    • 317 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The theories that have been developed by experts mostly involve the hippocampus and the essential function that it provides. Continued research on Anterograde Amnesia is important in order to gain knew knowledge about the hippocampus as well as other psychological phenomena related to anterograde amnesia, such as Alzheimer’s and retrograde amnesia. The studies presented in this paper address modern questions posed by researchers about anterograde amnesia. What has mainly been discovered is that some forms of anterograde amnesia can be treated if they are not the result of permanent brain damage.…

    • 1743 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Inside of your brain there are two sea monsters, one on each side. The proper name for these sea monsters are called the Hippo Campus, or Hippo Campi when referring to both. This The Hippo Campi control new memories and regulate mood. It is the first responder to new memories, and in grabbing learned memories. That’s the why you need to protect this part of your brain, because until you reach age twenty-one, it doesn’t stop growing, and the rest of your brain will finish growing and developing around twenty-five.…

    • 1832 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The third hypothesis is “. Encoding short-term memories into long-term storage”. One popular Chinese psychologist, Jie Zhang, explores this idea in this way. Our brain is always storing a lot of memories, and it does not matter we are awake or asleep.…

    • 581 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Liu et al. (2016) assert that calpain-1 and calpain-2 play different and opposing roles in memory and learning. Hence calpain-1 activity is needed for various types of memory and learning, while calpain-2 is associated with limiting the extent of learning. The opposite functions of calpain-1 and calpain-2 are associated with their opposite functions in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). It strengthens the relationships between learning/memory and LTP.…

    • 91 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Acetylcholine Research Forums The following members Li Jiang, Lorna Role, and David Talmage were able to develop a method towards controlling mice memories, by manipulating the neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. 1.) Purpose: As of this article Science Daily, “previous research has suggested that cholinergic input to the amygdala appears to strengthen emotional memories.” Memory that could be tuned, providing dreadful memories or dementia can be erased furthermore gone from the human’s brain.…

    • 546 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Moreover, the hippocampus continued to shrink in the 12 years of follow-up in the study (Geddes, Xu-Feng, Newell…

    • 1793 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Levitin Summary

    • 643 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Levitin explains, “There's a structure in the brain called the hippocampus, that evolved over tens of thousands of years, to keep track of the locations of important things -- where the well is, where fish can be found, that stand of fruit trees, where the friendly and enemy tribes live. The hippocampus is the part of the brain that in London taxicab drivers becomes enlarged. It's the part of the brain that allows squirrels to find their nuts.” This explains how not only humans but animals have hippocampus in our brain and how to use it properly. During stressful situations people tend to lose thing easily, thinking ahead of time and remembering where those thing go is a much more convenient…

    • 643 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Guzowki Lab Report

    • 362 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Guzowki Lab: The general goal of the project was to study immediate-early gene expression and the changes in neuronal networks during learning activities and retrieval of memories. In addition, I studied the neuroimmune modulation of memory function (how neuroinflammation stresses context discrimination memory tasks and its disruption separation processes in the hippocampus. Combining the molecular, cellular systems, and behavior aspects of neurobiology, I experienced personal growth during my participation to become well-rounded. My aim is to practice medicine and with my desire to eagerly learn and explore whats unfamiliar, I will do my best to make my aspirations flexible and preserve an open mind of what a medical degree can offer me.…

    • 362 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Transient Global Amnesia

    • 592 Words
    • 3 Pages

    In anterograde amnesia, the formation of new memories is impaired, while in retrograde amnesia, the retrieval of previously formed memories is impaired. Research shows that anterograde amnesia results from a failure of memory encoding and storage. New information is processed normally, but almost immediately forgotten, never making it into the regions of the brain where long-term memories are stored. More specifically, in normal use, neurons in the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus make connections with the thalamus, which in turn makes connections with the cortex of the brain, where long-term memories are stored. Anterograde amnesia can therefore result from damage to the hypothalamus and thalamus and the surrounding cortical structures, so that encoded memories are never stored since connections between hippocampus and cortex are…

    • 592 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Predictive Validity

    • 700 Words
    • 3 Pages

    For example, remembering your best friend from a decade ago, and wishing he/she was here with you right now. This structure relates to the result of the written exam because you need this structure to remember the information for the test. The hippocampus will help you pass the test by recalling the information you need to answer the test…

    • 700 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Dementia Research Paper

    • 995 Words
    • 4 Pages

    As people age, some memory loss is normal. Almost everyone will forget where they put their keys, but if a loved one forgets what a key is, or how to use it, the problem is much more severe. The brain is the most complex organ in the human body, and memory is one of the brain’s most complex functions. Memory allows humans to recall a wide range of experiences and information, including names, visual impressions, language, sounds, flavors and so on.…

    • 995 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Memory Definition

    • 1109 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Wax or Digestion: Which Best Explains Memory? Memory is an extremely complex function which scientists and philosophers have been trying to explain since ancient times. Throughout the years they have been attempting to devise an effective analogy to explain memory, with varying effectiveness. One of these analogies comes from Plato in his works Theaetetus and Phaedrus, in which he compares memory to a block of wax on which we imprint our experiences.…

    • 1109 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Memory plays an important role in people’s everyday lives. It allows people with tasks such as going to the shop and remembering everything they need to buy, or where and when they’ve to be somewhere for a meeting. Memory can be explained by using two psychological approaches: Biological and Cognitive.…

    • 748 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Learning is the acquisition of new information or knowledge and memory is the retention of learned information. The Canadian psychologist, Donald Hebb pointed out that memories can result from subtle alteration in synapses, and these alterations can be widely distributed in the brain. Hebb reasoned in his book “The Organisation of Behaviour” that the internal representation of an object ( for example a circle drawn on a piece of paper ) consists of all the cortical cells activated by the stimulus ( the cell assembly ). All the cells in such an assembly are all interconnected by reciprocal connections. The internal representation is maintained in short term memory as long as the activity reverberated through the connection.…

    • 1038 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays

Related Topics