The etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma are still unknown but some risk factors have been recognized which are cirrhosis, hepatitis B or C, heavy alcohol use, obesity, diabetes, hereditary conditions such as hemochromatosis and intake of aflatoxin-contaminated food (arun j).
Cirrhosis is the primary factor risk for developing HCC. Based on (), 90-95% of people who develop HCC have underlying cirrhosis. The cirrhosis is a condition where the normal liver tissue are replaced by scar tissue after being damage causing the remaining liver tissue to lose its normal arrangement. Alcoholism, viral hepatitis B or C, inflammation of the liver in long-term (chronic) and iron overload in the body are common risk factors that linked to cirrhosis.
Viral …show more content…
This risk includes type 2 diabetes patients because they tend to be overweight. High level of insulin and liver damage by diabetes is the main cause and the risk is increased if the patient consume large amount of alcohol or is a heavy smoker. In overweight patients, fat is collected in the liver causing fatty liver disease. Accumulation of fat triggers hepatitis and eventually cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Aflatoxin B1, a chemical made by fungus usually found in contaminated peanuts, wheat, soybeans, and grains are a risk factor for liver cancer. Aflatoxin B1 is made by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Long term use of food products contaminated with this chemical can damage the liver cell’s DNA. Aflatoxin B1 damages the TP53 tumour suppressor gene which is a gene that controls cell division. This damage causes uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells which will develop into cancer (American Cancer Society, 2014).
Some patients that has certain inherited metabolic disease is at a higher risk of developing liver cancer although this is rare. These diseases include hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, tyrosinaemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and glycogen storage disease (American Cancer Society, 2014). These diseases could cause liver damage that leads to liver cirrhosis and eventually liver
Cirrhosis is the primary factor risk for developing HCC. Based on (), 90-95% of people who develop HCC have underlying cirrhosis. The cirrhosis is a condition where the normal liver tissue are replaced by scar tissue after being damage causing the remaining liver tissue to lose its normal arrangement. Alcoholism, viral hepatitis B or C, inflammation of the liver in long-term (chronic) and iron overload in the body are common risk factors that linked to cirrhosis.
Viral …show more content…
This risk includes type 2 diabetes patients because they tend to be overweight. High level of insulin and liver damage by diabetes is the main cause and the risk is increased if the patient consume large amount of alcohol or is a heavy smoker. In overweight patients, fat is collected in the liver causing fatty liver disease. Accumulation of fat triggers hepatitis and eventually cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Aflatoxin B1, a chemical made by fungus usually found in contaminated peanuts, wheat, soybeans, and grains are a risk factor for liver cancer. Aflatoxin B1 is made by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Long term use of food products contaminated with this chemical can damage the liver cell’s DNA. Aflatoxin B1 damages the TP53 tumour suppressor gene which is a gene that controls cell division. This damage causes uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells which will develop into cancer (American Cancer Society, 2014).
Some patients that has certain inherited metabolic disease is at a higher risk of developing liver cancer although this is rare. These diseases include hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, tyrosinaemia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and glycogen storage disease (American Cancer Society, 2014). These diseases could cause liver damage that leads to liver cirrhosis and eventually liver