Chapter One
Introduction
1.1. Introduction:
Determining the nutritional status accurately in hemodialysis (HD) patients is one of the most difficult problems; because it depends on indirect methods as well as the accuracy of some nutritional markers are questionable (Chumlea, 2004).
Patients with end-stage renal disease often experience malnutrition as a result of decreased dietary intake; inadequate dialysis; loss of nutrients into the dialysate; abnormal protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism; and concomitant diseases, which may contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality (Priscilla & Lau, 2004).
Malnutrition is defined as a condition that results from a deficit or excess of nutrients or energy in relation to metabolic and …show more content…
Serum proteins should be monitored monthly to every 3 months; anthropometry should be carried out every 6 months, and food intake from dietary history and food records (Wolfson, 1999).
Forty to fifty percent of all patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) are malnourished. Malnutrition is associated with increased infection, poor wound healing, muscle wasting, fatigue, malaise, and increased mortality. Poor nutritional status prior to initiation of dialysis is also associated with poorer outcomes on dialysis, increasing the odds ratio of mortality 2.5 times. Malnutrition is caused by inadequate dietary intake or unmet increased nutritional requirements (Levy et al, 2009).
Malnutrition is a relatively common problem in chronic dialysis patients, affecting approximately one-third of both HD and peritoneal dialysis patients. Malnutrition may occur secondary to poor nutritional intake, increased losses, or to an increase in protein catabolism. The sequel of malnutrition are numerous and include increased morbidity and mortality, increased hospitalization rate and susceptibility to infection, impaired wound healing, malaise, fatigue, and poor rehabilitation ( Detsky et al., 1987; Daugirdas et al., 2001 and Reza et
Introduction
1.1. Introduction:
Determining the nutritional status accurately in hemodialysis (HD) patients is one of the most difficult problems; because it depends on indirect methods as well as the accuracy of some nutritional markers are questionable (Chumlea, 2004).
Patients with end-stage renal disease often experience malnutrition as a result of decreased dietary intake; inadequate dialysis; loss of nutrients into the dialysate; abnormal protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism; and concomitant diseases, which may contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality (Priscilla & Lau, 2004).
Malnutrition is defined as a condition that results from a deficit or excess of nutrients or energy in relation to metabolic and …show more content…
Serum proteins should be monitored monthly to every 3 months; anthropometry should be carried out every 6 months, and food intake from dietary history and food records (Wolfson, 1999).
Forty to fifty percent of all patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) are malnourished. Malnutrition is associated with increased infection, poor wound healing, muscle wasting, fatigue, malaise, and increased mortality. Poor nutritional status prior to initiation of dialysis is also associated with poorer outcomes on dialysis, increasing the odds ratio of mortality 2.5 times. Malnutrition is caused by inadequate dietary intake or unmet increased nutritional requirements (Levy et al, 2009).
Malnutrition is a relatively common problem in chronic dialysis patients, affecting approximately one-third of both HD and peritoneal dialysis patients. Malnutrition may occur secondary to poor nutritional intake, increased losses, or to an increase in protein catabolism. The sequel of malnutrition are numerous and include increased morbidity and mortality, increased hospitalization rate and susceptibility to infection, impaired wound healing, malaise, fatigue, and poor rehabilitation ( Detsky et al., 1987; Daugirdas et al., 2001 and Reza et