Facts of the Case: A golfer with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome wanted to enter into a tournament and requested an accommodation to use a golf cart during the third round that was denied. Under Title III of the American with Disabilities Act, public businesses must provide accommodations and make modifications for people with disabilities, unless that accommodation would “fundamentally alter the nature” of the business. Casey Martin’s lawyers argued that, by Title III of the ADA, the Q-School golf tour competition cannot deny Martin equal access and must give him reasonable accommodations. They stated that golf courses are a public accommodation, and that the golf tour and qualifying rounds fall under Title III’s coverage. Using a golf cart during the third round would not “fundamentally alter the…
Addison disease is a rare primary adrenal insufficiency, or progressive anemia, affecting those between the ages of 30-60 years old, but has been known to manifest at any time. There is an autoimmune mechanism that works to destroy adrenal cortical cells. It is characterized by insufficient corticosteroid and mineralocorticoid synthesis with elevated levels of serum ACTH. Idiopathic Addison disease, or organ-specific autoimmune adrenalitis, is an organ specific autoimmune disease that causes adrenal atrophy. It allows for the production of immunocytes against specific antigens within the adrenocortical cells.…
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a condition in which one or more tumors form in the pancreas or duodenum. The tumors which are called gastrinomas secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin. The hormone gastrin causes the stomach to produce too much acid which then leads to peptic ulcers. Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome was first described in 1955 by two gentlemen Zollinger and Ellison.…
The Effects Of Treacher Collins Syndrome Treacher Collins Syndrome is a rare incurable genetic disorder that most often affects the jaw, cheekbones, eyes, chin, and ears. It was identified dating all the way back to Ancient Rome, however, research as to what exactly it was and the causes of TCS was not studied until the 1800s by an English ophthalmologist named Edward Treacher Collins. In 1884, he began an internship at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, a position which later was turned into a career that lasted about 48 years. During the 48 years Collins resided at Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, he was primarily positioned as the pathologist and curator of the hospital's facilities museum. Collins witnessed several people with the deformities and became extremely interested about the disorder, which began his research on it, but did not describe the genetic disorder in medical literature until 1900.…
Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes hive-like skin rashes, chills, fever, partial or total hearing loss, swollen joints, loss of kidney function, and can eventually lead to amyloidosis in some patients. Muckle-Wells syndrome is named after Thomas J. Muckle and Michael V. Wells who first described the disease in April of 1962 [1]. Muckle-Wells is in a family of diseases called Cryopyrin-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndromes (CAPS) which all are related because they are caused by a deficiency in the NLRP3 gene which is what codes for the protein Cryopyrin [2,3]. People tend to start showing symptoms as early as infancy or early childhood, and affects them for their entire lives, and if not treated can cause death…
This is a disease in which the hemoglobin protein is produced incorrectly and the red blood cells have a sickle shape. A person that is homozygous recessive for the sickle cell trait will have sickled red blood cells that all have the incorrect hemoglobin. A person who is homozygous dominant will have normal red blood cells. From the images on the first page in the packet, this trait is an example of incomplete dominance, as a person who is heterozygous for the sickle cell trait will have some misshapen cells and some normal cells. From the results, this was the case for the…
MELAS is an uncommon hereditary disorder that can cause strokes and dementia. MELAS syndrome is a neurodegenerative disorder. MELAS stands for mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. MELAS syndrome is brought about by changes in genetic material (DNA) in the mitochondria. Our DNA is found mostly in the cell nucleus.…
that this is almost hardly getting covered. Women getting away with falsely accusing a man of raping her seems like it would be a much bigger issue than the false 1 in 5 women getting sexually assaulted. A woman named Nikki Yovino from New York accused two university football players of raping her in the basement at a party. But due to numerous accounts of witnesses saying she willingly went with the two into the basement, stating that she intended to have sex with them, she cracked. It was all an elaborate plan to win the affection of another boy.…
The amygdala is often called the “aggression center” of the brain. There are two of them in one’s limbic system, and they are located on either side of the thalamus, at the end of the hippocampus, a little bit in front of the brain stem. When the amygdalas are stimulated, one feels anger, violence, fear, and anxiety. When the amygdalas are completely destroyed, a person has what is called Kluver-Bucy syndrome. The effects of this syndrome include hyperorality, hypersexuality, and disinhibited behavior (when a person doesn’t think through his or her actions).…
Creutzfeldt–Jacob Disease (CJD) is a rare degenerative disease of the brain. There are around 300 cases in the United States per year (NIH). CJD is also referred to as “mad cow” disease, this is because they carry the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) (NIH). TSEs are caused by prions.…
Adrenal insufficiency in an endocrine or hormonal disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of certain hormones. Addison disease is a condition that effects your bodies adrenal glands. Those glands are located on the top of your kidneys. They make hormones not affect your mood, growth, metabolism, tissue function and how your body responds to stress. Addison disease damages those glands and it causes your body to shut down production of the hormones.…
Usher syndrome is an orphan disease that is extremely common, but is often swept under the rug. It is an inherited disorder that appears in mostly children at a young age and is the most frequent cause of deaf-blindness in humans. It is characterized by hearing impairment that leads to total deafness along with progressive vision loss. There are four levels of Usher Syndrome, Usher Type I, Usher Type II, Usher Type III, and Usher Type IV. Usher Type II is the most common type of Usher Syndrome.…
In 1523 Giovanni da Verrazzano set sail on a quest to explore the West on behalf of France. The voyage was plagued with various issues as he searched for a passage to the Pacific Ocean and Asia. As Verrazzano sailed up the East coast of the Americas to finally rest at what today is known as Newport, Rhode Island he observed many signs of Native American’s inhabiting the coastline (Staff, 2012). Around the time Verrazzano was traveling up the East coast Native American populations were estimated to be between 2 million and 18 million strong. While there is a huge variance in this estimation, there is little doubt that the Americas were well populated by then (Calloway, 2012).…
Hereditary Cancer Cancer is one of the most unknown subjects in the medical world. When it comes, why it comes, and how to effectively contain it is still being studied. Treatments have been available to lessen the cancer, or in some cases, take it away. The medical community has come so far in our knowledge of cancer. Splitting cancer into two specific groups of somatic cancer and hereditary cancer, researchers are getting more information.…
Savant Syndrome is something many people seem to be uninformed about. Savant syndrome is a condition in which a person with a developmental disability or central nervous system injury have genius like traits. This condition can present itself at the time of birth, or it can be acquired later on in life due to some type of injury or disease that affects the central nervous system. It tends to affect males more frequently than women, and it is also known to appear in individuals with autism. People tend to think that all autistic people are savants, but the reality is that one out of ten autistic individuals actually have the condition.…