Question #1 Word Count: 245 P1: The Critical lure in Experiment 1 is a word that was related to the studied words but wasn’t actually present in the original list. Studied words that were not omitted were recalled with a 75% confidence level. Unrelated lures stuck out like a sore thumb at (80%), and weakly related lures showed little significant, but critical lures were recalled with false confidence of (58%). This data demonstrates that we falsely remember things related in subject matter but fail to identify the source of these items especially when there is in-between time recall. P2: The fact that we can misjudge the source of our memories by creating what we think to be a realistic origin of memory can help explain why the critical…
An individual's memory replies on perception, a highly selective neurological process that "is as dependent upon psychological factors as it is on physical senses" (Ferdico, Fradella, & Totten 538). Memory is made up of a three phase process: (1) the acquisition phase, where sensory data is encoded in the cerebral cortex; (2) the retention phase, where the brain stores the memory until it is called upon for retrieval; and (3) the retrieval phase, where an individual's brain searches for the information, retrieves it, and then is able to communicate it to others. There are several event and witness factors that have an influence on perception and memory. Event factors include time, duration of the event, speed and distance involved, changes in visual adaptation to light…
In comparison, recalling memory can be an extremely complicated process; not only the memory of the fact itself, but also ways of interpreting the memory are required to recall memories. Especially when interpreting…
Our expectations, experiences, and current knowledge all affect how memories are created. Many people do not realize how flawed our memory can be. The largest component of our memory is called autobiographical memory, it is a collection of memories that can describe our past. Autobiographical memory includes both episodic and semantic memory. For example, we can remember hiking in the Smokey mountains, seeing all the trees and remembering some of the conversations we had with friends (episodic memory) ; It might also include how you traveled to the Smokey mountains (by plane or car) or a list of your hiking gear and the time of day you hiked (semantic memory).…
Although there are a lot of arguments raised against the memory theory, I believe personal…
The speaker’s memories are characterized majorly through her perception of each event as a child as well as her perception of the event as an adult. Throughout the excerpt,…
The constructive nature of memory is one of the reasons for the unreliability of eyewitness testimonies. The human brain does not record all the things that people see around them. Instead, the brain collects different pieces of information that are relevant to the situation. Consequently, eyewitness accounts may be flawed because as the brain attempts to reconstruct different bits of information, it might omit vital details (OpenStax College, 2016). The scenario is better understood when comparing human recollection to playing a video recording.…
After watching How reliable is your memory? by Elizabeth Loftus, I believe that to a great extent, memory is not a reliable source of knowledge because it can be distorted, contaminated, and even falsely imagined. Memory decay, distorted memory, hindsight bias, consistency bias, the availability heuristic bias and suggestibility- are all problems that beset our reliance on memory. “I was there. I saw it.”…
Especially, for the memory to get someone to remember what happened in the situation because some will tend to change up the story what really happened just to get out from trouble. The stages of memory is encoding, storage, and retrieval which those three stages is process information in visual, acoustic, or semantic forms. In chapter 7 it tells how memory works and how it could process very quickly. Some memory could be very short which you may forget like an incident it occurs from as this experience I had went through what part of the brain is being involved like the basal ganglia and…
6) Why did Brown and Kulik call memory for public, emotional events, like the assassination of President Kennedy, “flashbulb” memories? Was their use of the term flashbulb correct? Brown and Kulik called memory for public an emotional events because the memory is derived from a horrific circumstance that is felt emotionally and is forever remembered in one’s…
1. a) Define memory, and b) explain how flashbulb memories differ from other memories. Memory is the learning of an individual that continues to exists overtime. It is the information that is obtained, stored, and gained from the surroundings and experience of an individual, which helps people to learn new skills and abilities where they are able to collect the information to their memory where it is gathered. However, the flashbulb memories differ from other memories because it is the memories that are connected to emotionally significant moments and events of an individual providing a clear vivid image so that the person is able to remember that moment or time.…
Our experiment examined how modality and word type could affect false recall in a word list paradigm. Manipulating modality (auditory and visual presentation) and word type (concrete and abstract) has never been studied in relation to false recall. We predicted that the word lists that were presented aurally and/or contained concrete terms would show higher rates of false recall for the critical lure words. Approximately, 24 undergraduate students took part in the study. The participants were presented with 12 word lists that were associated with 6 concrete lures, and 6 abstract lures.…
Memory is the encoding, storage and retrieval of past events and experiences, it is present in the short term memory store and then transferred to the long term memory store. The retrieval of memory isn’t always accurate as memories become distorted over time. The distortion of these memories are due to some influencing factors such as language, age, reconstructive errors and emotion. Taking all these factors into consideration leads to the point that memory is only to some extent reliable. Language plays a big role in how we remember, language is used to convey how we remembered the event but it is also a influence on how we remembered the event.…
This is only one of the many times that the emotions in Riley’s head bring up past events and demonstrate what flashbulb memory is. The next three topics are also portrayed correctly and give an accurate demonstration of how they really work. It all starts with the process of forgetting. To forget something means that some of the information that is entered into the long-term memory is lost. It is usually information that is not used on a day-to-day basis or is not important anymore.…
When one thinks of memory, they usually think of past events that happened or something that they had learned. Although one can recall certain memories, can they recall every single detail? This semester, we were asked to recall the events of a day that happened six weeks prior to the beginning of class. While some students could explain some details of what they had done that day, not all could be certain. Details may not seem to be that important when telling a story from a childhood experience or maybe the retelling of a joke, but what if a person was made to recall a memory that took place six weeks ago?…