A British astronomer Fred Hoyle discovered that vital heavy elements can be built inside stars only because a carbon-12 nucleus can be made from the fusion of 3 helium nuclei. For the reaction to proceed, carbon-12 must match the energy level of the 3 helium nuclei when the fusion takes place.(Chown) This has been used as an example for the Fine Tuned argument. However, in 1989, astrophysicist Mario Livio showed that the carbon-12 energy level could have actually been significantly different and still resulted in a universe with the heavy elements needed for life. (Chown) Although I have no reason to say an astrophysicist is wrong, I have no good evidence or reason to believe they are
A British astronomer Fred Hoyle discovered that vital heavy elements can be built inside stars only because a carbon-12 nucleus can be made from the fusion of 3 helium nuclei. For the reaction to proceed, carbon-12 must match the energy level of the 3 helium nuclei when the fusion takes place.(Chown) This has been used as an example for the Fine Tuned argument. However, in 1989, astrophysicist Mario Livio showed that the carbon-12 energy level could have actually been significantly different and still resulted in a universe with the heavy elements needed for life. (Chown) Although I have no reason to say an astrophysicist is wrong, I have no good evidence or reason to believe they are