Background of the Problem
A number of studies have documented the positive effects of paternal involvement on child development (Amato & Fowler, 2002; Collins, Maccoby, Steinberg, Hetherington, & Bornstein, 2000; Lamb, 2012; Pleck, 2010). Considering social changes such as the increase in women’s labor force participation and increases in divorce, there has been increasing interest in the value of father involvement. However, specific factors that influence the level of the father’s involvement are not yet sufficiently understood. The majority of the research has focused on the importance of the fathers’ demographic characteristics (level of education, employment status, race) (Coley & Chase-Lansdale, 1999; King, Harris, …show more content…
Drawing concepts from developmental psychology and psychoanalysis, Bowlby (1951) formulated the “Attachment theory” that became seminal in the area of child development and attachment to mother. In the literature, child attachment to mother has found support as being important for the child development (Bowlby, 1951; Condon, Corkindale, & Boyce, 2008). In addition, a number of authors studied the importance of mother’s attachment to the child, and found that maternal response behaviours to the child’s attachment can affect child’s feelings of safety (Bowlby, 1951; Condon, et al., 2008; Lamb, 1977). Furthermore, feelings of being safe and secure depend on mothers’ care and the extent of the attachment that mothers demonstrate to their …show more content…
Symbolic interactionism was the principal theoretical framework for family studies in the 1920s and 1930s (when family studies were aiming to become a separate science), and it is one of the most popular perspectives in family studies today (Fox & Bruce, 2001; LaRossa & Reitzes, 1993). LaRossa and Reitzes (1993) described symbolic interactionism in terms of shared meanings (‘symbols’) and verbal and nonverbal communications (‘interactions’). Connection between these two components helps individuals to develop their identities through social