Abstract
The client I am going to be talking about is a twelve month old Latino female named Anna. Anna is a typical 12 month old toddler who’s refusing to cooperate with toilet training. The theories I am going to discussing associated with this behavior will be Freud's psychosexual development theory, Erikson's psychosocial theory, and Piaget's cognitive development stage theory. In discussing these theories, it will provide a better understanding Anna’s situation, behavior, and how to best understand it.
Theory Critique
The first theory I will be talking about is the theory of psychosexual development. This theory was developed by physiologist, neurologist, and psychiatrist Dr. Sigmund Freud. According to Freud’s theory personality …show more content…
This theory was developed by psychologist Erik Erikson. There are eight stages in this theory called trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and ego integrity vs. despair. In stage one trust versus mistrust children from infancy to eighteen months old are learning to trust others by learning that people and things can be depended on. Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman state that “children in this stage who receive warm, loving care and nourishment learn to trust that these things will be provided to them and later in life will apply this concept of trust to friends, an intimate partner, or their government” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016, p. 335). The second stage in this theory is autonomy versus shame and doubt. This stage occurs from eighteen months to three years old and in this stage children are striving to become more independent by doing things more independently. They begin to desire to do things such as feeding themselves and use the bathroom on their own. According to Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman “if children at this stage are downtrodden, restricted, or punished, shame and doubt eill emerge instead and will replace the self-confidence that should have developed at this stage” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016, p. 335). The third stage of this theory is initiative versus guilt which happens between the ages of three and six years old. According to Cherry, “children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction” (Cherry, 2017). During this stage if they are encouraged to explore and learn they will become more confident in initiating relationships, pursuing career objectives, and developing recreational interest. If they are restricted or punished, or treated harshly they are more likely to
The client I am going to be talking about is a twelve month old Latino female named Anna. Anna is a typical 12 month old toddler who’s refusing to cooperate with toilet training. The theories I am going to discussing associated with this behavior will be Freud's psychosexual development theory, Erikson's psychosocial theory, and Piaget's cognitive development stage theory. In discussing these theories, it will provide a better understanding Anna’s situation, behavior, and how to best understand it.
Theory Critique
The first theory I will be talking about is the theory of psychosexual development. This theory was developed by physiologist, neurologist, and psychiatrist Dr. Sigmund Freud. According to Freud’s theory personality …show more content…
This theory was developed by psychologist Erik Erikson. There are eight stages in this theory called trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and ego integrity vs. despair. In stage one trust versus mistrust children from infancy to eighteen months old are learning to trust others by learning that people and things can be depended on. Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman state that “children in this stage who receive warm, loving care and nourishment learn to trust that these things will be provided to them and later in life will apply this concept of trust to friends, an intimate partner, or their government” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016, p. 335). The second stage in this theory is autonomy versus shame and doubt. This stage occurs from eighteen months to three years old and in this stage children are striving to become more independent by doing things more independently. They begin to desire to do things such as feeding themselves and use the bathroom on their own. According to Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman “if children at this stage are downtrodden, restricted, or punished, shame and doubt eill emerge instead and will replace the self-confidence that should have developed at this stage” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016, p. 335). The third stage of this theory is initiative versus guilt which happens between the ages of three and six years old. According to Cherry, “children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interaction” (Cherry, 2017). During this stage if they are encouraged to explore and learn they will become more confident in initiating relationships, pursuing career objectives, and developing recreational interest. If they are restricted or punished, or treated harshly they are more likely to