1. Introduction
Research methods are one of the most important sections in dissertation and research essays. A good research essay requires a well-designed and well-conducted research method. There must be some good research questions to start with for the research. They have to be answerable, measurable, meaningful and relevant to the previous studies. The chosen method is relevant to the later parts of the research and should be the best way to discover answers to the research questions. The sampling part is depended by the research content. The sample size should be adequate and with limited or no bias. For the analytical part, sufficient explanation of tables and graphs and the findings should be presented in quantitative research essays; …show more content…
Epistemology is the study of nature and the source of knowledge, with regards to its limitations and credibility. It examines the relationship between the researcher and the person being researched (Collis and Hussey, 2003; (Remenyi,D. et al., 1998). Ontological assumption is related to the study on nature of reality, and the existence of human in different forms in relation to the researcher (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Positivist paradim is usually regarded as methods of measurement. It is related to the science of social reality and has no effect on subjective individuals (Collis and Hussey, 2003). They are opposed to phenomenological paradigm which is related to the psychology of social reality and has relation to subjective individuals. It usually adopted methods like observation and case studies (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The researhers argued that contemporary studies focus too much on epistemology postivit researches. Previous researches have been attempting to define a positive or negative future for middle management, and using different methods to try to measure and derive to a conclusion. This meant differences in middle managers are excluded as data are being generalised. Besides, they have been trying to answer the general question ‘What is happening to middle management?’, which the authors considered it as an unsolvable question. Some articles on ontology …show more content…
It also used case study design, which has a detailed analysis of one or more cases. The case study in this research is a very general one to contemporary organisations. The criteria of qualitative research design is to demonstrate reliabilty, validity and reflexivtiy (Bryman and Bell, 2011). Drawing from the limitation of previous research on differences of middle managers, the researchers believed these differences can be demonstrated through adopting qualitative method. The research is designed in an exploratory research approach. Exploratory research is exploring the valid answer for a problem that have not been researched, or not clearly defined before (Remenyi et. al., 1998). Researchers discovered that past research merely focus on the debate of optimistic or pessimistic future on middle management. But these studies did not explore the true identities constructed by middle managers. For inductive research, it is a type of logical research which discovers from specific observation to generalised theories (Collis and Hussey, 2003). In this article, researchers start with inadequate definition and misunderstanding on the true identity of middle managers, with current discourses in middle management. Then after several interviews with middle managers, they have derived to a conclusion that middle managers construct and stabilize their identities through enactment in organisations. Most
Research methods are one of the most important sections in dissertation and research essays. A good research essay requires a well-designed and well-conducted research method. There must be some good research questions to start with for the research. They have to be answerable, measurable, meaningful and relevant to the previous studies. The chosen method is relevant to the later parts of the research and should be the best way to discover answers to the research questions. The sampling part is depended by the research content. The sample size should be adequate and with limited or no bias. For the analytical part, sufficient explanation of tables and graphs and the findings should be presented in quantitative research essays; …show more content…
Epistemology is the study of nature and the source of knowledge, with regards to its limitations and credibility. It examines the relationship between the researcher and the person being researched (Collis and Hussey, 2003; (Remenyi,D. et al., 1998). Ontological assumption is related to the study on nature of reality, and the existence of human in different forms in relation to the researcher (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Positivist paradim is usually regarded as methods of measurement. It is related to the science of social reality and has no effect on subjective individuals (Collis and Hussey, 2003). They are opposed to phenomenological paradigm which is related to the psychology of social reality and has relation to subjective individuals. It usually adopted methods like observation and case studies (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The researhers argued that contemporary studies focus too much on epistemology postivit researches. Previous researches have been attempting to define a positive or negative future for middle management, and using different methods to try to measure and derive to a conclusion. This meant differences in middle managers are excluded as data are being generalised. Besides, they have been trying to answer the general question ‘What is happening to middle management?’, which the authors considered it as an unsolvable question. Some articles on ontology …show more content…
It also used case study design, which has a detailed analysis of one or more cases. The case study in this research is a very general one to contemporary organisations. The criteria of qualitative research design is to demonstrate reliabilty, validity and reflexivtiy (Bryman and Bell, 2011). Drawing from the limitation of previous research on differences of middle managers, the researchers believed these differences can be demonstrated through adopting qualitative method. The research is designed in an exploratory research approach. Exploratory research is exploring the valid answer for a problem that have not been researched, or not clearly defined before (Remenyi et. al., 1998). Researchers discovered that past research merely focus on the debate of optimistic or pessimistic future on middle management. But these studies did not explore the true identities constructed by middle managers. For inductive research, it is a type of logical research which discovers from specific observation to generalised theories (Collis and Hussey, 2003). In this article, researchers start with inadequate definition and misunderstanding on the true identity of middle managers, with current discourses in middle management. Then after several interviews with middle managers, they have derived to a conclusion that middle managers construct and stabilize their identities through enactment in organisations. Most