The effects of cultural traditions and institutions have had notable effects and influences in determining various ideologies of gender and sexuality within societies. Authors have explored the theology of the various origins of these elements within in society and how they lead to discrimination and isolation. Through the analysis of the concepts of intimacy, authors reanalyze social structures that formed concepts of gender and sexuality in societies by desensitizing sex and it’s societal aversion.Western culture and society has inserted traditionally social policy in regard to gender and sexuality through religious institution, while propagating xenophobia to segregate …show more content…
Tatum and Peggy McIntosh. This is done by altering, subverting and expanding on liberal and conservative extremes of religious and governmental based institutions, racism and segregations role in defining community and self and forms of intimacy that is developed in their invented societies.
Religion, political opinions and their operations have tremendous influence in how a society structures its opinions about gender and sexuality and subsequently how they “police” it, or as Foucault stated how they fail to. There was, for example, policy in the united states several decades previous that prohibited “gay” establishments, bars and clubs, from being in operation. These businesses were run illegally and when discovered police violence of patrons was prevalent, though in some cases they undisturbed, and often tabooed, in the areas they operated. Atwood’s presentation of “the club” (1986 p. 237) in the Handmaid’s Tale is a male sanctuary, devoid of “nicotine-and-alcohol taboos” (p. 238) and filled indentured women available for sexual proclivity of the patrons which is interpreted as both an extreme luxury …show more content…
The first being racism, which is defined by Tatum is “system of advantage based on race” ( YEAR p. 7), the other is xenophobia, an irrational dislike or fear of people from other nations other neither can be explained as expressions of prejudice alone. All of the cited authors have dictated various forms of xenophobia in the goal of preserving the society in its ‘ideal’ state and have altered the various social institutions and political opinions to maintain it. Atwood depicts the former through the people of “Ham” (PAGE) with the false religious connotation that blacks are the ‘cursed’ descendants of Ham which resulted in their skin color. This is the society of Gilead’s validation to excommunication and prejudiced that Tatum states as “a preconceived judgment or opinion, usually based on limited information” (YEAR p. 5). The motivations for these and other religiously based segregations, excommunications, and executions is revealed by Atwood during the caucasian assembly and the ‘efforts’ to sustain the caucasian ‘race’, at least the socially desired parts. Xenophobia in contrast sits on the outliers of Delany’s Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sands wherein in much of the fear and dislike of the presented material originating from the reader. There is a mix of the two presented