Edward Said's Theory Of Orientalism By Al-Azm

Improved Essays
Al-Azm provides a remarkably nuanced analysis of Orientalism as described by Edward Said, while expanding further and developing new concepts as an extension of Said's thesis. While he clearly does not dispute the core theories which underline Said's criticism of the Orientalist tradition, he goes further to criticize some of the biases present in Said's writings. Additionally, by extrapolating the theory to new contexts in the Middle East itself, he excellently expresses the pervasiveness of Orientalist thought. His criticism of Said's historical tracing of Orientalistic thought back to the days of Homer is a particularly apt judgment. An unbroken Orientalist mentality amongst Western thinkers that has persisted from ancient times is less …show more content…
The fact that the inherent dependency of the Arab World upon the United States today in multiple realms is not in itself a negative historical development is an odd statement by Said. One cannot deny that the current nature of this “satellite relationship” is clearly tilted in favor of the United States, but whether or not this situation can genuinely be reformed while retaining the most fundamental power dynamics is less self-evident. Al-Azm, therefore, sounds far more reasonable when he argues that “salvation” is impossible while the system of dependency remains intact. The very concept of dependency demands an imbalance of power between the two …show more content…
The simplification of Arab history and culture to mere language analysis obviously detracts from the myriad of economic, political and social factors that has generated the Arab World we have today. However, one can see how such a simplification has the potential for galvanizing nationalistic sentiment, due to its assertions that Arabs, while “primitive”, have the potential (and the destiny) to become the dominant world power. The almost messianic quality that proclamations from these Reverse Orientalists have expresses the depth of this sentiment. Ultimately, Al-Azm's description shows that there is little to no practical difference between Orientalism and Orientalism in

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    Sayed Kashua’s collection of newspaper columns, Native, tells the story of Kashua’s life living in a divided Israel as an Arab. The Arab-Israeli conflict occurring in Israel has created unmasked tension between the Arabs and Jews who are sharing the land. This has created a culture of each group wanting to garner support and sympathy for their “side” of the conflict. As an Arab writing to a Hebrew audience, one might assume Kashua uses his newspaper column to promote the Arab side. While Kashua does partake in telling stories pertaining to the conflict, such as stories of the discrimination he faces as an Arab, his stories appear to be of real-life experiences without any built-in Arab propaganda.…

    • 1788 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As the relationship between the Middle East and the West becomes more bleak, Khomeini and Bin Laden in the world of geopolitics, share similarities in their philosophical understanding. Worthy to acknowledge are their overlapping views and growing steadfast support in the confrontation of American imperialism, despite having led parts of the Islamic world decades apart. Rather than two people sharing a common interest, the studies of Khomeini and Bin Laden rather imply a sentiment that characterizes Western intervention in Islamic foreign policy as the main factor of Muslim oppression. The two leaders react to U.S. imperialism similarly though policy and rhetoric, despite influencing Muslims decades apart. In response to conflicts with the…

    • 997 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Elhadji M Gueye HIST285B Kent F Schull 11/24/2015 Essay Prompt # 2 During the nineteenth century, the Islamic world encountered what is called the modern world system which presented the integration of the entire globe in term of economic, social, political and cultural changes. The integration between different nations led to the European imperialism in the Islamic world(Egger, 315). As the Ottoman Empire was getting weaker the Europeans took advantage of the ottoman territory because they surpassed the Ottoman Empire in term of military and economic might(PowerPoint).…

    • 1320 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Structure and language Ayaan Hirsi Ali’s novel, Infidel is an autobiography focusing on her struggles as a Muslim woman. It starts of by a detailed recollection of her childhood and life in Somalia leading to her movement to America. Ayaan’s novel focuses on her inner struggle with Religion and human value, which she later on figures out. Ayaan’s profound awakening happens when she moves to the Netherlands where she later on obtains a degree in political science. The structure and language of Infidel elaborates on the idea of Islam and Islamic culture being the opposite of what it stands for, as peaceful and coequal, through the author’s descriptiveness, blunt honesty, and her choice of point of view.…

    • 1499 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Darwish’ account of the cruelty and daily oppression that encircles Muslim world is essential to reform in the Muslim world. Mannes states that Darwish’ narrative is remarkable because in the 1950s, Egypt had been trying to modernize for nearly a century and a half, and she demonstrates how still “the heavy hand of tradition trapped women.” While few citizens were practicing and devout Muslims, no one would criticize Islam and its teachings. Mannes states that Darwish does well to give a sense of the extent to which Islam and traditions permeates many of the Gulf States’ secular movements and politicians. According to Mannes, “Darwish possessed an innate sense that allowed her to see through her society’s…

    • 641 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    John Bowen ethnography, Muslims through Discourse, takes a deep look at the Islam Religion in the Gayo highlands located in Indonesia. Although he desires to investigate the social structure and history, through his field work he examines the local forms of Islam. Bowen constructs two categories to define the ideologies of Islam represented, which are traditionalist (stemming from rural communities) and modernist (rooted in urban society). Each have distinctive histories that influence and shape their values. Through analyzing the Gayo people’s debates about religious practices, he highlights the importance of religious discourse and language instead of emphasizing Geertz dramaturgical theory.…

    • 1117 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Osama Bin Laden

    • 1382 Words
    • 6 Pages

    I had heard, repeatedly, that he was a relative latecomer to the Palestinian cause, that he had essentially declared solidarity with them merely to gain popularity in the larger Islamic world. That is not borne out by this book. In his very first speech, dated to 1994, bin Laden is already sounding the notes that reverberate throughout this collection: the entire Muslim world is under seige, from Afghanistan, to Palestine, to Iraq, to Chechnya and Bosnia; the humiliation (and emasculation) of Islam by the western world is the implicit goal. Now, clearly, one can quarrel with his analysis, but such a message has broad appeal. The editor and translator are to be commended for striking just the right balance here; they provide imformation, really crucial information, without taking immediate sides and without claiming a false neutrality either.…

    • 1382 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Thus, it is clear that Ahmad’s admiration of and idealization of his absent father does not entail imitation, since he is a devoted believer and his interest in his father’s ethnic background does not exceed the domain of religion: “[H]is exploration of his Islamic identity ends at the mosque” (99). Ahmad thus occupies a peculiarly doubled position: sinister in that he cloaks his increasingly militant Muslim identity under the guise of his American one; innocent in that he is seduced from his American identity by a religious culture marked foreign. Thinking about his identity as an American Muslim, Ahmad finds contradictions: “He has asked that his paychecks…be made out to Ahmad Ashmawy, though he still lives with his mother. Because…

    • 219 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Ottoman Empire wants from mix race and cultural before World Wars one to becoming a nationalism nation of Muslim, Jews, and Christians. Historians Michelle Campos and Abigail Jacobson have written about the same topic of the Ottoman Empire. They both give the history of the different culture in the Ottoman Empire, but Jacobson pays more attention to Jerusalem while Campos look at Palestine as a whole, which give us two distinct viewpoints. Michelle Campos and Abigail Jacobson wrote about the last decades of the Ottoman Empire when it was changing to British rule in Palestine. They both explore the different experience of people who live in the 19th century and the begin of the 20th century and Palestine.…

    • 1062 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “Crusades Through Arab Eyes” by Amin Maalouf The great Crusade started in the second half of the 11th Century after Pope Urban II appealed to followers to reconquer the Holy Land from Muslims. Most Turks had converted to Islam, which was a concern for Alexios who was the Byzantine emperor of the Middle East region. The first war was to retake the Holy Land from Muslims, but it was realized that the Crusaders (or the Franj as referred by Muslims) had other intentions of conquering the territory of the Muslims. The book “Crusades Through Arab Eyes” tries to portray a different vantage point from an Arab-Muslim perspective.…

    • 753 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Brotherhood of Kings Analysis Amanda Podany’s Brotherhood of Kings provides a look at international relations in the near east during much of the third and second millennia BCE and how these interactions shaped the development of the area. In this analysis of Podany’s work an overview of Brotherhood of Kings, including its purpose, how it is structured, the major themes of the piece, the sources used within it, as well as the main points Podany draws, will be given. From there the influence of both religion and women on the interactions between states in the region will be examined. Available to see immediately, Brotherhood of Kings places a very large focus on the role of international communication and its effects on the region. Examining…

    • 1853 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The author argues that the discrepancies of Abraham's story of journey to Mecca are not isolated to within the Abrahamic religions but rather; even within the realms of Islam do discrepancies about Abraham’s journey to Mecca appear. The author hypothesizes that the major reason for the discrepancies between Christians, Jews and Muslims in how the story of Abraham was narrated was because of the infiltration of indigenous practices that were common at the time, which bled into the way the story was transcribed and preserved. This, according to the author, is what separates the stories among these three religions. The author specifically goes on to focus on Islam, suggesting that the story is not universal to all Muslims; using the fact that…

    • 382 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Rise Of The Islamic Empire

    • 1253 Words
    • 6 Pages

    THE RISE OF AN ISLAMIC EMPIRE FROM THE 6TH TO THE 13TH CENTURIES. James Q. Shelton History 101 11/15/2016 During the rise of the Islamic Empire from the 6th to the 13th centuries, Islam changed political, social, and cultural conditions. The intentions of this essay are to inform readers of the rise of the Islamic Empire. The begin of Islam is set apart in the year 610, after the principal disclosure to the prophet Muhammad at 40 years old.…

    • 1253 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    In his autobiographical writing, The Deliverance From Error, Al-Ghazali tells his audience about the reason for his leaving his prestigious teaching position in Baghdad while also addressing numerous theological, philosophical, and practical problems facing Islam in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. A sizeable chunk of Al-Ghazali’s writing is aimed at tackling the topic of prophethood as a possibility, an actuality, and its specific realization by the prophet Muhammad. Within his discussion and defense of the Muslim conception of prophethood, he is primarily occupied with the philosophical problems that the philosophers of his day had presented him with, and their erroneous views about prophethood that resulted from their misunderstandings.…

    • 1751 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Orientalism is a term which indicates how the West perceives the East as the ‘other’. Edward Said published his controversial book Orientalism in 1978, which talks about how Orientalism forms an inferior Orient, in terms of knowledge and domination. Edward Said opens his introduction by mentioning the Western’s misconception about the East arguing that “The Orient was almost a European invention” (Said 1). The Orient played a significant role in the creation of the European culture and it helped to become the powerful “other”. Said explains that “The Orient has helped to define Europe (or the west) as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience” (Said 1, 2).…

    • 1841 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays