Ectopic Anatomy

Introduction Pelvic pain can result from disorders of the gastrointestinal, urinary, or reproductive systems. Diagnosing the etiology of pain can be difficult, and clinical and laboratory evaluation is often not sufficient. In pediatrics, ultrasonography (US) is generally the primary imaging modality used in the initial evaluation of pelvic pain, with radiographs and cross-sectional imaging reserved for further work-up or specific indications. In pelvic emergencies, radiological findings from these imaging modalities are important for timely diagnosis and prevention of complications. The purpose of this article is to discuss the characteristic multimodality imaging findings and differential diagnoses of common non-traumatic pediatric pelvic emergencies.

Normal Pelvic Anatomy
**[brief anatomy of GI and urinary systems]

Gynecologic Anatomy At birth, the neonatal uterus and ovaries are comparatively large in size due to the influence of maternal and placental hormones in utero. Throughout the …show more content…
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy has a 9-14% mortality rate and is the leading cause of death in the first trimester of pregnancy.[6] Adolescents have the lowest incidence of ectopic pregnancies but the highest mortality rate from complications.[1] Ectopic pregnancies are diagnosed with endovaginal US and quantitative serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels correlated clinically with symptoms of pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, or absence of menses.[3] Risk of rupture increases as the fetus grows, and unstable vital signs in a pregnant patient should immediately raise concern for ruptured ectopic. Ninety-five percent of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tubes, most commonly in the ampulla followed by the isthmus and fimbriae.[6] Other less common types of ectopic pregnancies include cornual, ovarian, intraabdominal, cervical, cesarean scar, and