INVIVO AND INVITRO STUDIES ON CHEMOPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF RESVERATROL IN BREAST CANCER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BREAST CANCER:
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. Diet and Nutrition play a key role in carcinogenesis process, as reflected in the global differences in breast cancer incidence worldwide. High fat content, meat and low fiber diets were associated with high breast cancer incidence rates whereas populations with plant-based diets are shown to have low incidence rates. The high content of phytoestrogens in plants has been proposed as the major factor for the low breast cancer incidence in populations. Chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer are given alone or in combination based on type, age and stage of cancer. Some of the drugs for early and metastatic breast cancer are doxorubicin, rapamycin, tamoxifen, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, transtuzumab (herceptin), pacillitaxel, carboplatin, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, methotrexate etc.
1.2 RESVERATROL:
Resveratrol (trans-3, 4’, 5-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally-occurring polyphenolic compound, is highly enriched in a variety of food sources, such as …show more content…
It exerts its cytotoxic effect by intercalating between DNA base pairs on the double helix and inhibiting topoisomerase II (TOPO-II), the enzyme responsible for DNA helix conformation and stability. Unfortunately, chronic cardio-toxicity including development of a cardiomyopathy is a major limiting factor of the chemotherapeutic use of doxorubicin. In an attempt to minimize DOX effective chemotherapeutic dose and thereby its side effects, a variety of approaches have been investigated. One of them is the search for natural compounds with chemopreventive or anticancer properties that can be used in combination with doxorubicin to reduce the side
1.1 BREAST CANCER:
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide. Diet and Nutrition play a key role in carcinogenesis process, as reflected in the global differences in breast cancer incidence worldwide. High fat content, meat and low fiber diets were associated with high breast cancer incidence rates whereas populations with plant-based diets are shown to have low incidence rates. The high content of phytoestrogens in plants has been proposed as the major factor for the low breast cancer incidence in populations. Chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer are given alone or in combination based on type, age and stage of cancer. Some of the drugs for early and metastatic breast cancer are doxorubicin, rapamycin, tamoxifen, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, transtuzumab (herceptin), pacillitaxel, carboplatin, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, methotrexate etc.
1.2 RESVERATROL:
Resveratrol (trans-3, 4’, 5-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally-occurring polyphenolic compound, is highly enriched in a variety of food sources, such as …show more content…
It exerts its cytotoxic effect by intercalating between DNA base pairs on the double helix and inhibiting topoisomerase II (TOPO-II), the enzyme responsible for DNA helix conformation and stability. Unfortunately, chronic cardio-toxicity including development of a cardiomyopathy is a major limiting factor of the chemotherapeutic use of doxorubicin. In an attempt to minimize DOX effective chemotherapeutic dose and thereby its side effects, a variety of approaches have been investigated. One of them is the search for natural compounds with chemopreventive or anticancer properties that can be used in combination with doxorubicin to reduce the side