These tend to stick out in terms of physical appearance but cannot be the only determinant in diagnosing FAS. Other disorders may share similar features as FAS.3 Due to these three factors FAS is easier to recognize, but others which fall under FASD, such as ARND, may be more difficult because only limited neural problems may be present. Also, to accurately confirm conditions such as ARND requires knowledge that alcohol was consumed during pregnancy.9 To acquire this helpful information has proven to be difficult though, as a study performed showed that only 33% of mothers who had infants with FAS gave information about drinking alcohol during pregnancy. It can be assumed then that this reported number drops even farther for mothers with
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The pre-embryonic period is initiated after the ovum within the female becomes fertilized, forming a zygote, and travels to the uterus for implantation. This process of transfer takes roughly a week to occur and the cells rapidly divide forming a blastocyst. The blastocyst consists of an inner cell mass, called the embryoblast, and an outer cell mass, called the trophoblast. After the implantation of the blastocyst the embryoblast forms two layers of cells, known as the hypoblast and epiblast. By the end of the pre-embryonic period cavities have formed and the connecting stalk, which will eventually become the umbilical cord, is also present. The embryonic period begins and it is characterized as the time the embryo is most susceptible to tetragons. This period lasts from the third to eighth week of development and begins with the crucial process of gastrulation. Gastrulation will establish the three germ layers which later develop into structures of the body. It is initiated when cells move through an opening in the epiblast, called the primitive streak, to form the three layers. These three layers include the ectoderm, mesoderm, and the endoderm. The mesoderm layer gives rise to the formation of the heart and the vessels found within the body. …show more content…
By week four the first beat is recorded and the heart will continue to grow and begin the complex process of dividing into chambers.12 This amazing development of the chambers and structures of the heart, such as the valves, is now susceptible to the potential harm of ethanol exposure because of the ability for blood to be transferred from the mother as described above. It is believed that alcohol causes a range of abnormalities within the heart formation. One of these include abnormalities of the atrium and ventricles. Examples of this are a “hole in the heart” when there is a gap between the two ventricles and enlargement of the left ventricle. Another type of abnormality seen includes the formation and function of the two valves within the heart. A loss of function to the atrioventricular valve is problematic as blood being pumped will reenter the atrium from the ventricle.12 This has been supported by animal studies such as one that utilized quail embryos. In this study the embryos were introduced to ethanol in the amount that would be equivalent to one episode of binge drinking in a woman. As expected, after the hearts were fully developed and then dissected, abnormal findings such as smaller atrioventricular valves were discovered.13
The pre-embryonic period is initiated after the ovum within the female becomes fertilized, forming a zygote, and travels to the uterus for implantation. This process of transfer takes roughly a week to occur and the cells rapidly divide forming a blastocyst. The blastocyst consists of an inner cell mass, called the embryoblast, and an outer cell mass, called the trophoblast. After the implantation of the blastocyst the embryoblast forms two layers of cells, known as the hypoblast and epiblast. By the end of the pre-embryonic period cavities have formed and the connecting stalk, which will eventually become the umbilical cord, is also present. The embryonic period begins and it is characterized as the time the embryo is most susceptible to tetragons. This period lasts from the third to eighth week of development and begins with the crucial process of gastrulation. Gastrulation will establish the three germ layers which later develop into structures of the body. It is initiated when cells move through an opening in the epiblast, called the primitive streak, to form the three layers. These three layers include the ectoderm, mesoderm, and the endoderm. The mesoderm layer gives rise to the formation of the heart and the vessels found within the body. …show more content…
By week four the first beat is recorded and the heart will continue to grow and begin the complex process of dividing into chambers.12 This amazing development of the chambers and structures of the heart, such as the valves, is now susceptible to the potential harm of ethanol exposure because of the ability for blood to be transferred from the mother as described above. It is believed that alcohol causes a range of abnormalities within the heart formation. One of these include abnormalities of the atrium and ventricles. Examples of this are a “hole in the heart” when there is a gap between the two ventricles and enlargement of the left ventricle. Another type of abnormality seen includes the formation and function of the two valves within the heart. A loss of function to the atrioventricular valve is problematic as blood being pumped will reenter the atrium from the ventricle.12 This has been supported by animal studies such as one that utilized quail embryos. In this study the embryos were introduced to ethanol in the amount that would be equivalent to one episode of binge drinking in a woman. As expected, after the hearts were fully developed and then dissected, abnormal findings such as smaller atrioventricular valves were discovered.13