Youth & Society is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal …show more content…
By using the different assimilation theories as a guide Leonardo, makes two hypotheses in her research. First hypothesis focuses on sociodemographic factors and socioeconomic status to find out if there is a difference between first, second, and third generation adolescents when it comes to assimilation and depression in the United States. Leonardo, defines the first generation to be those who weren’t born in the United States, second generation to those that are citizens but have at least one parents that’s foreigner, and the third generation are those whose both parents and they themselves are citizens. Leonardo, uses the different generations to determine if there is a relationship between stress, intergenerational networks and support from family, peers, and schools to an adolescent 's self-esteem (Leonardo:2014). Gathering data from Add Health Leonardo, randomly selects 80 high schools that represents a national average from grades 7th through 12th. Using this Leonardo, conducted home interviews with both the adolescents and their parents which consisted of questionnaires and number scales responses. Based on the data collected Leonardo, results point out that certain sociodemographic factors based on sex, ethnicity, race, and age are …show more content…
Perkins and colleagues titled, Thriving in School: The Role of Sixth-Grade Adolescent–Parent– School Relationships in Predicting Eighth-Grade Academic Outcomes. In this research, Perkins and colleagues focus on the transitional period from 6th through 8th grade students. They use previous studies that have been done, but mainly focused on parents’ and school relationship in relation to students’ academic achievement. Perkins and colleagues, build on those studies by including adolescents in their research. They make four hypotheses trying to see if there is a correlation with parents’ guidance, school bonding, parents support, and school grades when it comes to positive transition from 6th through 8th adolescence. Perkins and colleagues used PROSPER Project data to conduct surveys and in-home interviews from randomly selected 28 communities from Iowa and Pennsylvania (Perkins and colleagues:2013). Their results showed that parental support and guidance didn’t make much of a difference in attitude toward school and academic achievement in 6th grade. Though, in 8th grade same students reported that they felt positivity towards their new school because they got more support and guidance from their parents (Perkins and colleagues:2013). In all, the perspective that the adolescents have about their parent’s involvements in and out of school does make a difference in their academic